Esters sorbitol

Sorhita.n nd Sorbitol Esters. This group of emulsifiers is formed from the reaction of sorbitan and stearic acid. Sorbitan monostearate is often used in combination with polysorbate in ice cream, imitation dairy products, and baking appHcations (36). 

Polysorha.tes. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters [9005-63-4] are formed from the reaction of sorbitol esters with ethylene oxide. These emulsifiers are almost always employed in combination with sorbitan esters and are used in the same appHcations (36). 

In order to avoid the acid-catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol to isosorbide, Corma et al. reported a new innovative three-step cascade route involving (1) an acetaUza-tion of sorbitol, (2) an esterification of sorbitol, and (3) a deacetalization of sorbitol esters (Scheme 14) [131]. In this case, esters of sorbitol were obtained. At 408 K, between 70 and 90% of conversion of sorbitol was obtained. Activity of the zeolites employed (H-Beta, mordenite, and dealuminated zeolite ITQ-2) was dependent on both their acidity and pore structure. The modemite catalyst has emerged as the most efficient. 

Emulsifiers. The chemical structures of emulsifiers, or surfactants, enable these materials to reduce the surface tension at the interface of two immiscible surfaces, thus allowing the surfaces to mix and form an emulsion. An emulsifier consists of a polar group, which is attracted to aqueous substances, and a hydrocarbon chain, which is attracted to lipids. Emulsifiers include mono- and diglycerides, lecithin, propylene glycol esters, luctylated esters, sorbttan and sorbitol esters, polysorbate.x, and sucrose esters. 

HENKEL CORP. EMERY GROUP TRYLOX Ethoxylated Sorbitol and Ethoxylated Sorbitol Esters ... 

TRYLOX Ethoxylated Sorbitols and Ethoxylated Sorbitol Esters are hydrophilic surfactants that function as emulsifiers, dispersants, wetting agents, lubricants, plasticizers, and solubilizers in household, industrial and textile specialty products. The TRYLOX series generally contains structures that are highly efficient oll/solvent emulsifiers, hence they find wide acceptance as major emulsifier components in industrial and textile concentrates. 

These are just a few of the many chemical reactions of the hexoses. Gluconic acid, glucono-5-lactone from this acid, sorbitol, sorbitol esters, sorbitans (tetra-hydric anhydrosorbitol), mannitol, mannitol esters, copolymers of fatty acid sorbitol esters and alkylene oxides, and a few other derivatives are currently marketed as commodity chemicals derived from the hexoses. Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is perhaps one of the best examples of a commercial derivative of D-glucose that is manufactured primarily by chemical synthesis ... 

Sorbitan ester-EO Sorbitol esters Sorbitol ester-EO EO fatty acid PO fatty acid Fatty alkanol amides... 

Arcos, J. A., Bemabe, M., and Otero, C., Quantitative enzymatic production of 1,6-diacyl sorbitol esters, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 60, 53-60, 1998. 

Propylene Glycol, Sorbitol, and POE Sorbitol Esters Propylene glycol esters are more lipophilic than the corresponding glycerol esters sorbitol esters are more hydrophilic (unless dehydrated in course of manufacture). Polyoxyethylenation of sorbitol (and anhydrosorbitol produced during manufacture) gives wide range of solubilities and hydrophilic-lipophilic balances to products. 

An alternative surfactant combination which is free of ethoxylated molecules is based on rapeseed sorbitol ester and sodium lauroyl glutamate [53]. Here, the phase inversion from a w/o- to an o/w-emulsion can be initiated by the addition of lauroyl glutamate, which is a hydrophilic surfactant, instead of using the temperature. Penetration studies for the release of Vitamin E from PIT emulsions in comparison with other formulation concepts have been performed [54]. It has been shown that the penetration of Vitamin E into the skin is better for a w/o-cream than a PIT emulsion. The free diffusion of Vitamin E might be hindered by the oil-water interface, which acts as a barrier around the oil droplets. 

Sorbitan esters can be produced by transesterification in the presence of basic catalysts [104], This process does not, however, give satisfactory results-dehydra-tion of sorbitol is incomplete and, therefore, sorbitol esters can be the major products [105], Nowadays the acid-catalyzed direct esterification is the major route practiced in industry. Under these conditions both intramolecular dehydration and esterification occur to satisfactory extents [106]. When fatty acids in large excess are reacted for longer times sorbitan triesters are formed these can be used as water-in-oil emulsifiers. 

Poly(perfluoropropylene oxide) acid sorbitol ester ... 

Acetic acid, sorbitol ester. See Sorbityl acetate Acetic acid, stearyl ester. See Stearyl acetate Acetic acid, strontium salt. See Strontium acetate... 

PEG-3/PPG-2 glyceryl/sorbitol hydroxystearate/isostearate Synonyms POE (3) POP (2) glyceryl/sorbitol hydroxystearate/isostarate POP (2) POE (3) glyceryl/sorbitol hydroxystearate/isostarate Definition Polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol deriv. of a mixt. of glycerol and sorbitol esters of hydroxystearic and isostearic acids Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics PEG-10-PPG-10 glyceryl stearate CAS 68783-63-1... 

CAS 39346-74-2 EINECS/ELINCS 254-423-2 Synonyms Acetic acid, sorbitol ester D-Glucitol, acetate... 

TRYLOX Ethoxylated Sorbitol is prepared commercially by the condensation or addition of ethylene oxide to sorbitol at the site of an active hydrogen located at each hydroxyl unit on sorbitol. TRYLOX Ethoxylated Sorbitol Esters are first ethoxylated, then esterified with oleic acid in such a way that all terminal hydroxyl groups are fully reacted. 

TRYLOX Ethoxylated Sorbitol Esters are relatively low foaming and find wide use as emulsifiers for petroleum oils, vegetable oils, organic solvents and oil based metal lubricants. TRYLOX Ethoxylated Sorbitol functions as a humectant and plasticizer and serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of fatty acid esters and improves the pourability and clarity of high solid "clear concentrate" surfactant solutions. 

Polar solvents have a log P < 2, moderate solvents have a log P in the range 2apolar solvents log P > 4 (Table 1). Synthesis is best achieved in solvents of intermediate polarity that are able to partially solubilize both the sugar and enzyme, or in solvents with a log P value greater than 1.5 that do not affect the hydration shell of the enzyme and so denature the protein. Tertiary alcohols are particularly effective solvents in this respect as they cannot react with lipases due to steric hindrance at the hydroxy group and their boiling points facilitate their removal after reaction. tert-Butyl alcohol catalyzed by lipase has been employed for sugar acylations [40-42]. Other solvents that have been utilized include 2-pyrrolidone [43] for the synthesis of sorbitol ester derivatives. Pyridine and biphasic mixtures of solvents such as benzene/pyridine and tert-hvXy alcohol/hexane have also been used. 

New sorbitol ester quaternary compounds are prepared by treating trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, and sorbitol. Optionally the mixture is alkoxylated and finally quaternized. The resulting cationic surfactants are useful in shampoos and other cosmetic applications [164]. 

Description. Sorbitan molecule is generated from the dehydration of the sorbitol molecule, which results in an internal ether bond. Sorbitan and sorbitol esters and their derivatives are similar in their structure to the glycol or glycerol esters which have been... 

Properties of sorbitan and sorbitol esters and their derivatives are very similar to those of glycol and glycerol counterparts (see Sec. III.D.2). Straight esters remain insoluble in water and ethoxylation is required if a soluble or dispersible surfactant is needed. 

The sorbitol esters with a higher degree of ethoxylation (e.g., sorbitol septaoleate 40 EO) are also used as spreading aids in emollient bath oils. 

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