Carbon-14, properties

Processing of baked and graphitized carbon. Properties of manufactured graphite, Appbcations of baked and graphitized carbon. Other forms of carbon and graphite. 

Mochida, I., Shimizu, K.., Korai, Y., Otsuka, H. and Fujiyama, S., Structure and carbonization properties of pitches produced catalytically from aromatic hydrocarbons with HF/BFj, Carbon, 1988, 26(6), 843 852. 

Whilst the above analysis is detailed and quite complex, there are general trends that become apparent relating to how both the carbon properties and the operating conditions affect the OOP s of adsorption heat pumps and refrigerators. The cooling available from the cycle is approximately proportional to the difference between the high and low concentrations and to the latent heat of the refrigerant. The heat input to the cycle has three components the sensible... 

Fig. 10. Variation of heat pump COP with carbon properties...

Ethylene glycol bis(methallyl carbonate), properties of, 2 253t... 

Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 43 733, 734 Tetraethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) properties of, 2 253t T etr aethylenepentamine physical properties, 8 486t... 

It was found that the reaction conditions which were optimized for the synthesis of poly(arylene siloxanylenes) (43) could be employed for the synthesis of siloxane-modified poly-(arylene carbonates). 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine (collidine) was selected as the most suitable of all catalysts investigated (43) for the synthesis of the siloxane modified poly(arylene carbonates). Properties of polymers prepared by this method are given in Table I. In comparision to the phosgene-catalyzed homo-polycondensation of bis-silanols, III, the inherent viscosities... 

Pandolfo AG, Hollenkamp AF. Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors. Journal of Power Sources 2007 157 11-27. 

Although various carbonaceous sources can be used, petroleum cokes were preferred because of their low ash contents and generally higher yields of active carbon. The cokes were obtained from various sources and with widely varying properties. Sulfur contents ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 wt.% metals, primarily nickel and vanadium, from 500 ppm to 5,000 ppm volatile matter, from 11% to 20%. The coke quality within these ranges did not appear to affect active carbon properties. However, somewhat lower active carbon yields were noted with the higher volatile matter cokes (58-62 wt% vs. 

Since the treated papers all ended with essentially the same chemical impregnant, a basic magnesium carbonate, properties were essentially the same from either treatment. There were some minor differences. The surface deposits from the magnesium methoxide showed up as increased paper thickness and in the case of the handmade paper, as significantly higher brightness from the white surface deposits. The solvent alone shows some beneficial effect, presumably a result of washing out of some of the free acid and other impurities in the paper, but the improvement by the solvent alone is very small. 

The usability of waste carbon deposits was demonstrated for preparation of active adsorbents with both zeolite and active carbon properties. 

Peel and Benedek [407] published a useful review of reported phenol adsorption isotherms on a popular commercial activated carbon and concluded that the observed differences [as low as 100 vs. as high as 200 mg/g at 100 mg/L] are greater in magnitude than might reasonably be attributed to [variations in carbon properties and environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, and buffer... 

Carbon (C)-aerogels have been investigated for one decade as a promising material for electrochemical applications in supercapacitors, fuel cells and waste water treatment [1,2], C-aerogels are nanoporous, electrically conducting and monolithic materials that provide the unique possibility to tailor the carbon properties on a molecular scale. The surface area and the degree of microporosity can be adjusted almost independently of the overall porosity for which mainly meso- and macropores are responsible. Whereas the mesostructure is determined by the stoichiometry of the reactants in the precursor solution, the pyrolysis conditions control the micropore structure of the material [3,4]. High pyrolysis temperatures will increase the electrical conduchvity [5], an important property for many electrochemical applications. 

TWS-400 from Tokai Carbon Properties 3-form, detailed analysis (nine elements) available, whiskers, length 15-60 pm, diameter 500-1000 nm [2417]. 

Type 1240, from Bituminous Carbon Properties BET specific surface area 818 in-/g (original) [2615],... 

Adsorption of NOM onto activated carbon has been found to be influenced by a number of physicochemical properties such as e.g. pH value, NOM initial concentration, type and molecular size distribution of NOM, ionic strength, and water temperature (Lee et al., 1981 Cornel et al., 1986 Fettig and Sontheimer, 1987 Summers and Roberts, 1988 Johannsen et al., 1991 Kilduff et al., 1996 Bjelopavlic et al., 1999). Besides physicochemical characteristics of the process water adsorption is also dependent on properties of the activated carbon as e.g. pore volume, pore size distribution (Lee et al., 1981 Bjelopavlic et al., 1999 Ebie et al., 2001) surface area accessible for adsorption and surface functional groups as e.g. carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups (Cookson, 1980). Adsorption of organic micro-pollutants is also affected by water and activated carbon properties. 

Such effects suggest an influence arising from the chemical properties of the catalyst. Specific catalytic effects depend on properties of the surface atoms, and these properties, in turn, are a function of the chemical nature of the catalytic substance. This is shown by the fact that the same type of active surface is not developed on copper as on platinum, and both differ from the active surface that can be formed on carbon. Properties of surface atoms that are important in catalysis appear to be linked to specific adsorptive powers, thus hydrogenating and dehydrogenating catalysts adsorb hydrogen, whereas oxidizing catalysts adsorb oxygen. 

Hydrogen influences the carbon properties for example, the electrical resistance of carbon black is related to its hydrogen content [112]. Moreover, the presence of hydrogen at the edge sites on carbon blacks inhibits graphitization... 

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