Structure and Properties of Carbons

In Table 1.1 we summarize the prodigious variety of bulk and surface properties of carbon materials, especially those of greatest relevance for catalytic behavior. Typical values or typical ranges are most often quoted rather than definite values, because these depend on too many factors to discuss here. Specific literature references are also not provided for this reason not only handbooks 

The macrostructure level of carbon atom arrangement confers the most readily recognizable features on carbon materials, and it should not allow room for 

Note If no values are provided, the variabihty is considered too wide for a meaningful summary. 

---

Low density, carbon fiber-carbon binder composites are fabricated from a variety of carbon fibers, including fibers derived from rayon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), isotropic pitch, and mesophase pitch. The manufacture, structure, and properties of carbon fibers have been thoroughly reviewed elsewhere [3] and. therefore, are... 

B. G. Sumpter, J. S. Huang, V. Meunier, J. M. Romo-Herrera, E. Cruz-Silva, H.Terrones, M. Terrones, A theoretical and experimental study on manipulating the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes using substitutional dopants., International Journal of Quantum Chemestry, vol. 109, pp. 97-118, 2009. 

Noncovalent approaches can usually preserve the structures and properties of carbon nanotubes after functionalization17 (though not necessarily the near-infrared absorption characteristics due to well-established doping effects), thus are equally important to the biocompatibilization and bioapplications of nanotubes.15 Among commonly employed noncovalent schemes are surfactant dispersion,18 tt-tt stacking with aromatic compounds,19 and polymer wrapping.20... 

Structure and Properties of Carbon Nanotube and Other Nanoadditives.265... 

It is noted that in different areas the use of terminology to describe structure and properties of carbons is quite different. Within the carbon-science community a clear system of terminology and definitions was elaborated which is recommended whenever applicable [37, 38]. 

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CARBON BASED NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS... 

Structure and properties of carbon based nanocomposite films... 

The right choice of a carbon support greatly affects cell performance and durability. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze how structure and properties of carbon materials influence the performance of supported noble metal catalysts in the CLs of the PEMFCs. The review chapter is organized as follows. In Section 12.2 we give an overview of carbon materials utilized for the preparation of the catalytic layers of PEMFC. We describe traditional as well as novel carbon materials, in particular carbon nanotubes and nanofibers and mesoporous carbons. In Section 12.3 we analyze properties of carbon materials essential for fuel cell performance and how these are related to the structural and substructural characteristics of carbon materials. Sections 12.4 and 12.5 are devoted to the preparation and characterization of carbon-supported electrocatalysts and CLs. In Section 12.6 we analyze how carbon supports may influence fuel cell performance. Section 12.7 is devoted to the corrosion and stability of carbon materials and carbon-supported catalysts. In Section 12.8 we provide conclusions and an outlook. Due to obvious space constraints, it was not possible to give a comprehensive treatment of all published data, so rather, we present a selective review and provide references as to where an interested reader may find more detailed information. 

---