Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Monoxide

The values in these tables were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23 Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic properties is Lemmon, E. W., and Span, R., Short Fundamental Equations of State for 20 Industrial Fluids, /. Chem. Eng. Data, 51(3) 785-850,2006. The source for viscosity and thermal conductivity is Version 9.08 of the NIST 14 database. 

The equation of state is valid from the triple point to 500 K with pressures to 100 MPa. At higher pressures, the deviations from the equation increase rapidly, and it is not recommended to use the equation above 100 MPa. The uncertainties in the equation are 0.3% in density (approaching 1% near the critical point), 0.2% in vapor pressure, and 2% in heat capacities. For viscosity, estimated uncertainty is 2%. For thermal conductivity, estimated uncertainty, except near the critical region, is 4-6%. 

2-8 Temperature-entropy diagram for carbon monoxide. Pressure P, in atmospheres density p, in grams per cubic centimeter enthalpy H, in joules per gram. (From Must and Stewart, NBS Tech. Note 202, 1963.) 

Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy C, Sound speed Joule-Thomson Therm, cond. Viscosity 

The equation of state is valid from the triple point to 500 K with pressures to 100 MPa. At higher pressures, the deviations from the equation increase rapidly, and it is not recommended to use the equation 

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The physical and thermodynamic properties of carbon monoxide are well documented in a number of excellent summaries (1 8). The thermochemical data cited here are drawn predominantly from references 1—3 physical property data from reference 5. A summary of particularly useful physical constants is presented in Table 1. 

Values for the free energy and enthalpy of formation, entropy, and ideal gas heat capacity of carbon monoxide as a function of temperature are listed in Table 2 (1). Thermodynamic properties have been reported from 70—300 K at pressures from 0.1—30 MPa (1—300 atm) (8,9) and from 0.1—120 MPa (1—1200 atm) (10). 

Computes thermodynamic properties of air, argon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and products of combustion for hydrocarbons. Computes all properties from any two independent properties. 

Matrix isolation methods of synthesis have also been used to prepare and study coordination compounds. These involve the vaporization of a metal and a potential ligand, which are then rapidly carried in a stream of inert gas to a very cold surface, where the compound which has been formed is quickly trapped in the solid matrix. It is possible to determine the type of bonding, the structure and the thermodynamic properties of the compounds formed. Only small ligand molecules have been used thus far carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen and oxygen, for example, but molecules of great interest have been formed. Some such are [Pd(C2H4)], [Pd(N2)3], [Ni(N2)202], [Ni(N2)4] and [Ni(CO)(N2)3].41... 

The solubility and thermodynamic properties of various gases in [BMIM][PFg] has been determined using a gravimetric microbalance [4]. Essentially, the solubility of CO2 (particularly relevant as a carbon source) was very high, with reasonable solubilities observed for ethylene, ethane, and methane and low solubilities for oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen (H2 could not be detected). Subsequently, Henry coefficient solubility constants ofhydrogen in [BMIM][BF4] and [BMIM][PFg]... 

A3. The Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Mixtures of Carbon Monoxide with Methane. 

PCDD/F and other chlorinated hydrocarbons observed as micropollutants in incineration plants are products of incomplete combustion like other products such as carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and soot. The thermodynamically stable oxidation products of any organic material formed by more than 99% are carbon dioxide, water, and HCl. Traces of PCDD/F are formed in the combustion of any organic material in the presence of small amounts of inorganic and organic chlorine present in the fuel municipal waste contains about 0.8% of chlorine. PCDD/F formation has been called the inherent property of fire. Many investigations have shown that PCDD/Fs are not formed in the hot zones of flames of incinerators at about 1000°C, but in the postcombustion zone in a temperature range between 300 and 400°C. Fly ash particles play an important role in that they act as catalysts for the heterogeneous formation of PCDD/Fs on the surface of this matrix. Two different theories have been deduced from laboratory experiments for the formation pathways of PCCD/F ... 

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