Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide

Temperature K Pressure MPa Density mol/dm3 Volume dm3/mol Int. energy kj/mol Enthalpy kj/mol Entropy kJ/(mol-K) c kJ/(mol-K) CT kJ/(mol-K) Sound speed m/s Joule-Thomson K/MPa Therm, cond. mW/(m-K) Viscosity uPa-s 

At pressures up to 30 MPa and temperatures up to 523 K, the estimated uncertainty ranges from 0.03% to 0.05% in density, 0.03% (in the vapor) to 1% in the speed of sound (0.5% in the liquid), and 0.15% (in the vapor) to 1.5% (in the liquid) in heat capacity. Special interest has been focused on the description of the critical region and the extrapolation behavior of the formulation (to the limits of chemical stability). The uncertainty in viscosity ranges from 0.3% in the dilute gas near room temperature to 5% at the highest pressures. The uncertainty in thermal conductivity is less than 5%. 

Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy C, Sound speed Joule-Thomson Therm, cond. Viscosity 

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The model used combines two equations of state and an excess function. It has been already developed to represent the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide-hydrocarbons mixtures [1]. 

U. Sievers, Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide, Fortschr.-Ber. VD1-Z., Reihe 6, No. 155, VDl-Verlag, Dusseldorf, 1984. 

V.V. Altunin, Thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide. Moscow Standard, (1975)... 

This is the most comprehensive collection of data on the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide ever published, and much of this information is now no longer available in such a ready format anywhere else. The authors hope that this volume will become the standard reference work for engineers, chemists, and scientists everywhere, who are studying, working with, or hoping to combat carbon dioxide. 

Rabinovich s collection of data includes some thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide, water, lithium, mercury, ethylene, butene, halogenated monosilanes and methanes, liquid ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide, and the densities of liquid alkali metals. 

During the nineteenth century the growth of thermodynamics and the development of the kinetic theory marked the beginning of an era in which the physical sciences were given a quantitative foundation. In the laboratory, extensive researches were carried out to determine the effects of pressure and temperature on the rates of chemical reactions and to measure the physical properties of matter. Work on the critical properties of carbon dioxide and on the continuity of state by van der Waals provided the stimulus for accurate measurements on the compressibiUty of gases and Hquids at what, in 1885, was a surprisingly high pressure of 300 MPa (- 3,000 atmor 43,500 psi). This pressure was not exceeded until about 1912. 

Available data on the thermodynamic and transport properties of carbon dioxide have been reviewed and tables compiled giving specific volume, enthalpy, and entropy values for carbon dioxide at temperatures from 255 K to 1088 K and at pressures from atmospheric to 27,600 kPa (4,000 psia). Diagrams of compressibiHty factor, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat at constant volume, specific heat ratio, velocity of sound in carbon dioxide, viscosity, and thermal conductivity have also been prepared (5). 

The thermophysical properties of carbon dioxide presented by Vukalovich and Atunin include phase equilibria, enthalpy, heat capacities, equations of state, and the thermodynamic functions for the ideal gas. The content of Sarkin s work is well represented by the title Gas Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Solid-propellant Rockets . 

The key physical property of carbon dioxide is its excellent solvent properties (see Table 2) for many nonpolar organic compounds. Like most solvents, the solvent properties of C02 improve as the pressure and temperature increase. In cleaning, we rely upon the liquid phase solvent properties. It is important to note that thermodynamically, liquid carbon dioxide is unstable at room temperature and atmospheric pressure but this thermodynamic condition only refers to equilibrium states, not non-equilibrium states. 

Some values of physical properties of CO2 appear in Table 1. An excellent pressure—enthalpy diagram (a large Mohier diagram) over 260 to 773 K and 70—20,000 kPa (10—2,900 psi) is available (1). The thermodynamic properties of saturated carbon dioxide vapor and Hquid from 178 to the critical point,... 

Computes thermodynamic properties of air, argon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and products of combustion for hydrocarbons. Computes all properties from any two independent properties. 

The thermodynamic properties of a chemical substance are dependent upon its state and, therefore, it is important to indicate conditions when writing chemical reactions. For example, in the burning of methane to form carbon dioxide and water, it is important to specify whether each reactant and product are solid, liquid, or gaseous since different changes in the thermodynamic property will occur depending upon the state of each substance. Thus, different volume and energy changes occur in the reactions... 

Thermodynamic properties of pure compounds are calculated by equations of state. For carbon dioxide, an acurrated equation of state, the IUPAC equation [3] is used. 

Sage, B. H., and W. N. Lacey Some Properties of the Lighter Hydrocarbons, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Carbon Dioxide, American Petroleum Institute, New York, 1955. Sage, B. H., and W. N. Lacey Thermodynamic Properties of the Lighter Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Nitrogen, American Petroleum Institute, New York, 1950. Stull, D. R., and G. C. Sinke Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements, American Chemical Society, Advances in Chemistry 1957. 

WEI Weidner, E. and Wiesmet, V., Phase equihbrium (solid-liquid-gas) in binary systems of poly(ethylene glycol)s, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether with carbon dioxide, propane, and nitrogen, in Thermodynamic Properties of Complex Fluid Mixtures, Wiley-VCH, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Ed. G. Maurer, 2004, 511. 

Here we illustrate the solvation formalism by integral equation calculations for binary mixtures described by the Lennard-Jones model (see Tables 8.1 and 8.2), and based on the Percus-Yevick approximation for the solution of the Ornstein-Zernike equations (Hansen and McDonald 1986) according to the approach proposed by McGuigan and Monson (McGuigan and Monson 1990). We focus on the solute-induced effects on the microstructure and the thermodynamic properties of infinitely dilute solutions of pyrene in carbon dioxide and Ne in Xe along the... 

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