Carbon dioxide thermophysical properties

Kho, Y.W., Conrad, D.C. and Knutson, B.L. (2003) Phase equilibria and thermophysical properties of carbon dioxide-expanded fluorinated solvents. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 206 (1-2), 179-193. 

Vukalovich, M.P. and V.V. Altunin. 1968. Thermophysical properties of carbon dioxide. London Collet s Publishers, Ltd. Translated by D.S. Gaunt. 

M.P.Vukalovich.V.V.Altunin. Thermophysical properties of Carbon Dioxide. Collet s Publishers LTD. London 1968... 

The density data of carbon dioxide was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology website for thermophysical properties (http //webbook.nist.gov/chemistry, July 2005). For CO2, this source employs Span and Wagner (1996) for the calculation of PVT properties. For the convenience of readers, pure CO2 density, covering both one phase and two phases, is provided in Appendix A (Table A. 1-Table A.3 and Figure A. 1) for temperatures in the range from the triple point 216.59 (the trible point of CO2) to 1073.15 K, and pressures in the range of 1 to 2000 bar. 

Calculated from density-pressure-temperature data in Vukalovitch and Altunin, Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Dioxide, Atom-izdat, Moscow, 1965, and Collet s, London, 1968, trans. 

J. A. Howley, J. W. Magee and J. F. Ely, A Predictive Model for the Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Dioxide Rich Mixtures, Research Report 136, Gas Processors Association, Tulsa, OK, 1993. 

The phase behaviours of binary and ternary ionic liquid mixtures with carbon dioxide,organics " and water " have been determined using COSMO-RS. In the COSMO-RS framework, ionic liquids are considered to be completely dissociated into cations and anions. Ionic liquids are thus taken as an equimolar mixture of two distinct ions, which contribute as two different compounds. Because ionic liquids only dissociate in the presence of strongly polar substances, the COSMO-RS prediction of the phase behaviour of ionic liquid systems with polar compounds (water and alcohols) is more accurate than that of ionic liquid systems with nonpolar compounds (carbon dioxide and organics). Especially the COSMO-RS prediciton of the solubility of (relatively nonpolar) carbon dioxide in ionic liquids shows considerable deviations ( 15 %) from experimental values. lUPAC Technical Reports document the measurements of the thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of l-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide and the recommended values. ... 

The thermophysical properties of carbon dioxide presented by Vukalovich and Atunin include phase equilibria, enthalpy, heat capacities, equations of state, and the thermodynamic functions for the ideal gas. The content of Sarkin s work is well represented by the title Gas Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Solid-propellant Rockets . 

M. P. Vukalovich and V. V. Atunin, Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Dioxide translated into English under the direction of the U.K. Atomic Energy Authority, ed. D. S. Gaunt, Colletts, London, 1968. 

Altunin V. V. Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Dioxide. Izdatelstvo Standartov, Moscow, 1975. 

Vukalovich M. P., Altunin V. V. Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Dioxide. Ato-mizdat, Moscow, 1965 available in English translation from Collet s Publishing Co., London. 

Dymond, J. H. and Smith, E. B., "The Virlal Coefficients of Gases—A Critical Computation," Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1969. Vukalovich, M. P. and Altunin, V. V., "Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Dioxide," Collets Publishing Ltd., London and Wellingborough, 1969. 

Sengers, J. V. Michels, A (1962). The thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide in the critical region, in Proceedings Second Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, eds. J. F. Masi D. H. Tsai, pp. 434-440. New York American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 

Hendl, S. Vogel, E. (1994). Correlation and extrapolation scheme for the composition and temperature dependence of viscosity of binary gaseous mixtures Carbon dioxide -ethane. Proc. 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, Boulder, CO. 

Coefficients of the equadon of state and of the equation for transport properties are stored for each substance. Parameters of the critical point and coefficients of equations for calculadon of the ideal-gas functions, the saturated vapor pressure and the melting pressure are kept also. The thermal properties in the single-phase region and on the phase-equilibrium lines can be calculated on the basis of well-known relations with use of these coefficients. The system contains data for 30 reference substances monatomic and diatomic gases, air, water and steam, carbon dioxide, ammonia, paraffin hydrocarbons (up to octane), ethylene (ethene), propylene (propene), benzene and toluene. The system can calculate the thermophysical properties of poorly investigated gases and liquids and of multicomponent mixtures also on the basis of data for reference substances. 

JF Ely, JW Magee. Experimental measurement and prediction of thermophysical property data of carbon dioxide rich mixtures. Proceedings of the 68th GPA Convention, 1989 89. 

Therefore, the most widely used supercritical fluids as of today and possibly in the future are water, carbon dioxide, helium, and refrigerants. Often, refrigerants, similar to carbon dioxide, are considered as modeling fluids instead of water due to significantly lower critical pressures and temperatures (for example, R-134a Per = 4.0593 MPa Per = 101.06°C), which decreases the complexity and costs of thermal hydraulic experiments. Based on the above mentioned, knowledge of thermophysical properties specifics at critical and supercritical pressures is very important for safe and efficient use of fluids in power and other industries. 

In addition, thermophysical properties of all current and Generation IV nuclear power reactors within operating ranges are shown in Appendix A2 and thermophysical properties of selected gases including helium and carbon dioxide at 0.1 MPa are shown in Appendix A6. 

Also, in addition to variations of thermophysical properties of water, the same properties of carbon dioxide at the equivalent pressures to those of water (the conversion is... 

Figure A3.22 Variations of selected thermophysical properties of carbon dioxide near pseudocritical point (36.6°C at 8.36 MPa) pseudocritical region is about 25°C around pseudocritical point. Carbon dioxide pressure of 8.36 MPa corresponds to water pressure of 25 MPa.

It should be noted that thermophysical properties of 121 pure fluids, including water, carbon dioxide, helium, refrigerants, etc. 5 pseudo-pure fluids (such as air) and mixtures with up to 20 components at different pressures and temperatures, including critical and supercritical regions, can be calculated using the NIST REFPROP software (2010), Version 9.1. 

In early studies, ie, approximately before 1990, a peak in thermal conductivity was not taken into account. Later, this peak was well established (see Fig. A3.6(b) for water and Fig. A3.15 for carbon dioxide) and included into thermophysical properties data and software. The peak in thermal conductivity diminishes at about 25.5 MPa for water (see Fig. A3.6(b) and Table A3.3) and at about 8.4 MPa for carbon dioxide (see Fig. A3.15 and Table A3.3). 

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