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Oils, composition

1 Fatty acid composition (wt%). Grape seed oil from V. vinifera is rich in linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid for man and animals. The level of linoleic acid is remarkably constant at about 70% of the total fatty acid in many different varieties and growing conditions (Table 7.7). The low levels of linolenic add (about 0.5%) make the oil resistant to revision flavors due to oxidation of this fatty acid oils such as canola, rapeseed and soy are susceptible to such flavor development. In this respect grapeseed oil is similar to corn, sunflower or safflower oils. [Pg.187]

The saturate levels in V. vinifera oil are low with palmitic add accounting for 7-8% of the fatty acids and stearic acid about 4% in most samples. Oleic acid is less than 20% of the fat. The high level of linoleic acid indicates that each triglyceride has probably two 18 2 fatty acids which accounts for the low melting point and resistance to clouding at cool temperatures. Studies conducted to test the stability of this oil to deep-fat frying indicated that it was comparable to soybean and com oil in overall performance (Ramel et al., 1965). [Pg.187]

The fatty acid compositions of native American V. labrusca) and hybrid grapeseeds were reported to be similar to that of V. vinifera. In V. labrusca and hybrid seed from New York State wineries, the fatty acid composition was 72% linoleic, 18% oleic, 7% palmitic and 3% stearic with traces of myristic and linolenic acids (Mattick and Rice, 1976). [Pg.187]

The fatty acid compositions of three muscadine grape cultivars appear quite different from that of the V. vinifera group. The melting point is substantially higher and the iodine number lower for the wild type. Stearic acid is reported to comprise up to 9% of the fatty acids and the 2,3-dihydroxypropylester of octadecanoic acid (glyceryl monostyreate) is reported to comprise 70-90% of the fatty acids (Lamikanra and Lamikanra, 1989). [Pg.187]

The sn-2 position of the triglyceride of V. vinifera grapeseed oil has been reported to be comprised mostly of linoleic acid (67-75%) and oleic acid (25-30%) (Tiscomia and Bertini, 1974 Catalano, 1972). While linoleic acid appears to be randomly distributed among positions sn-1, 2 and 3, there seems to be a relative enrichment of oleic acid in position sn-2 (Capella et al., 1979a) Palmitic acid has be observed exclusively at the sn- position (Ohnishi et al., 1990). [Pg.187]

Oil recovered by solvent extraction or mechanical pressing is termed crude soybean oil and contains various classes of lipids. It consists primarily of neutral lipids, which include tri-, di- and monoacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and polar lipids such as phospholipids. It also contains a minor amount of unsaponifiable matter that includes phytosterols, tocopherols, and hydrocarbons such as squalene. Trace metals are found in soybean oil in ppm concentration. When the oil is refined, concentrations of all minor constituents are reduced. The typical composition of crude and refined soybean oil is shown in Table 2.2. [Pg.20]


Able to form Ag salt of lower solubility than AgQ in H2O. Therefore applications in photographic processes Inhibition of histidine decarboxylase activity Antifoggant for color films Anthelmintic activity Quenching for oil composition caialj si for the industrial isomerization of cis a, (3 unsaturaied carboxylic acids rubber vul-cankzate improver... [Pg.438]

The effect of temperature, pressure, and oil composition on oil recovery efficiency have all been the subjects of intensive study (241). Surfactant propagation is a critical factor in determining the EOR process economics (242). Surfactant retention owing to partitioning into residual cmde oil can be significant compared to adsorption and reduce surfactant propagation rate appreciably (243). [Pg.194]

Sterols are present in concentrations of 0.2—0.4% in the oils. Compositions are given in Table 5. The sterols exist in the seeds in four forms free, estetified, nonacylated glucosides, and acylated glucosides. Soybeans contain a total of 0.16% of these sterol forms in the ratio of ca 3 1 2 2 (27) (see... [Pg.294]

COMPARISON OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA MIRZAYANII OBTAINED BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND HYDRODISTILLATION METHODS... [Pg.365]

Coconut oil, composition of, 1062 Coding strand (DNA), 1108 CODIS, DNA fingerprint registry, 1118... [Pg.1291]

Copper(ll) chloride, aromatic iodination and, 551 Coproslanol, structure of, 304 Coral, organohalides from, 352 Corn oil, composition of. 1062 Cornforlh. John Warcup. 1085 Coronene, structure of, 532 Cortisone, structure of. 107 Couper, Archibald Scott, 7 Coupled reactions. 1128-1129 ATP and, 1128-1129 Coupling (NMU), 460... [Pg.1292]

Oleic acid, structure of, 1062 Oligonucleotide, 1114 synthesis of, 1114-1116 Olive oil, composition of, 1062 -otie. ketone name ending, 697 -otdtrile, nitrile name ending, 754 Optical activity, 294-296 measurement of, 295 Optical isomers. 297 Optically active, 295 Orbital. 4... [Pg.1309]

Peanut oil, composition of, 1062 Pedersen, Charles John, 666 Penicillin, discovery of, 824-825 Penicillin V, specific rotation of, 296 stereochemistry of, 321 Penicillium notation, penicillin from. 824... [Pg.1310]

Cellulosic, polyester, and acrylic fibers lubricated with a surfactant-based oiling composition containing an organic phosphorus ester neutralized with an amine showed less pilling, good antistatic properties, and anticorrosiveness. The phosphorus ester salts were hexyl phosphate trimethylamine salt, dodecamethy-lene caproate phosphonate ethylamine salt, and polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether phosphate dimethylamine salt [262]. [Pg.608]

Table 2.7 Essential-oil composition of Cistus monospeliensis from different substrates (from Robles and Garzino, 2000)... Table 2.7 Essential-oil composition of Cistus monospeliensis from different substrates (from Robles and Garzino, 2000)...
From the data available, it is difficult to explain the apparent plasticity of volatile compounds produced by plants from these different areas. Subtle enviromnental factors may be at work. Alternatively, selection for oil yield, particular oil composition, or for some other feature, over the years may have resulted in the variation now seen. The variation seen in Corsican plants may have arisen through the arrival on the island of propagules originating in the other growing areas. In areas so long occupied by humankind, it is often difficult to sort out purely natural driving forces from the effects of cultivation. [Pg.56]

Table 2.15 Selected values for oil composition of Argentinean Minthostachys verticillata (after Zygadlo et al., 1996)... Table 2.15 Selected values for oil composition of Argentinean Minthostachys verticillata (after Zygadlo et al., 1996)...
Mockute, D. and Judzentiene, A. 2003. Variability of the essential oils composition of Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium growing wild in Lithuania. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 31 1033-1045. [Pg.322]

Robles, C. and Garzino, S. 1998. Essential oil composition of Cistus albidus leaves. Phytochemistry 48 1341-1345. [Pg.327]

Each oil-dispersant combination shows a unique threshold or onset of dispersion [589]. A statistic analysis showed that the principal factors involved are the oil composition, dispersant formulation, sea surface turbulence, and dispersant quantity [588]. The composition of the oil is very important. The effectiveness of the dispersant formulation correlates strongly with the amount of the saturate components in the oil. The other components of the oil (i.e., asphaltenes, resins, or polar substances and aromatic fractions) show a negative correlation with the dispersant effectiveness. The viscosity of the oil is determined by the composition of the oil. Therefore viscosity and composition are responsible for the effectiveness of a dispersant. The dispersant composition is significant and interacts with the oil composition. Sea turbulence strongly affects dispersant effectiveness. The effectiveness rises with increasing turbulence to a maximal value. The effectiveness for commercial dispersants is a Gaussian distribution around a certain salinity value. [Pg.305]

The effect of water temperature variation is logarithmically correlated with dispersant effectiveness [585]. Dispersant/oil ratios greater than approximately 1 40 or 1 60 result in a low dispersant effectiveness. Dispersion experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of oil composition. The effectiveness is positively and strongly correlated with the saturate concentration in the oil and is negatively correlated with the contents of aromatic, asphaltene, and polar compounds in the oil. The effectiveness is weakly correlated with the viscosity of the oil. The dispersant effectiveness is limited primarily by the oil composition. [Pg.305]

Understanding the factors that inhibit the foaming power is of great importance, because it yields a basic knowledge— how the materials produced will perform with respect to foaming. It also serves to predict how individual crude oil compositions would work with different defoamers [301]. [Pg.316]

Petroleum and chemical engineers perform oil reservoir simulation to optimize the production of oil and gas. Black-oil, compositional or thermal oil reservoir models are described by sets of differential equations. The measurements consist of the pressure at the wells, water-oil ratios, gas-oil ratios etc. The objective is to estimate through history matching of the reservoir unknown reservoir properties such as porosity and permeability. [Pg.5]

The application of 13C NMR for the rapid analysis of the oil composition of oil seeds is well known [16], 13C NMR has recently been applied to the quantitative analysis of the most abundant fatty acids in olive oil [17]. The values obtained by this method differed by only up to 5% compared with GLC analysis. The quantitative analysis was applied to the olefmic region of the high resolution 13C NMR spectrum of virgin olive oil to detect adulteration by other oils which differed significantly in their fatty acid composition. The application of the methodology for the detection of adulteration of olive oil by hazelnut oil is more challenging as both oils have similar chemical profiles and further experiments are in progress. [Pg.479]

Ultrasonically assisted extraction is also widely used for the isolation of effective medical components and bioactive principles from plant material [195]. The most common application of low-intensity ultrasound is as an analytical technique for providing information about the physico-chemical properties of foods, such as in the analysis of edible fats and oils (oil composition, oil content, droplet size of emulsions, and solid fat content) [171,218]. Ultrasonic techniques are also used for fluids characterisation [219]. [Pg.80]

In a petroleum refinery a large number of different products are produced, and the demand for some of these products is seasonal. For instance, there is not much need for residential fuel oil in the summer. The price of products also varies from day to day. To optimize the company s profit, it is therefore necessary periodically to vary the amount of each product produced. This can be done by changing the amounts of material sent to cracking units and reformers and by changing the conditions in these and other process steps. Some petroleum companies provide a computer with the data on market prices, current inventories, and crude oil compositions. The computer output then specifies the operating conditions that will yield the greatest profit for the company. The computer could then make the changes in these conditions directly, or this could be done manually. [Pg.161]

Other important issues influencing the economics of oil recovery include methods of determining fluid movement and behavior within the reservoir (191) the effect of oil composition on oil... [Pg.29]

The objective of this work is to study the possible influence of the crude oil composition on the amount of coke deposit and on its ability to undergo in-situ combustion. Thus, the results would provide valuable information not only for numerical simulation of in-situ combustion but also to define better its field of application. With this aim, five crude oils with different compositions were used in specific laboratory tests that were carried out to characterize the evolution of the crude oil composition. During tests carried out in a porous medium representative of a reservoir rock, air injection was stopped to interrupt the reactions. A preliminary investigation has been described previously (8). [Pg.410]

As the sampling moves downstream from the coke zone, it may be noticed that whatever the oil composition,... [Pg.425]

Whatever the oil composition, the cracking reactions enhance the amount of the 210 fraction in the recovered oil. The... [Pg.425]


See other pages where Oils, composition is mentioned: [Pg.23]    [Pg.162]    [Pg.304]    [Pg.291]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.566]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.675]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.58]    [Pg.64]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.151]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.327]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.412]    [Pg.412]    [Pg.425]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.130 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.332 ]




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