Effect of oil composition

The effect of water temperature variation is logarithmically correlated with dispersant effectiveness [585]. Dispersant/oil ratios greater than approximately 1 40 or 1 60 result in a low dispersant effectiveness. Dispersion experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of oil composition. The effectiveness is positively and strongly correlated with the saturate concentration in the oil and is negatively correlated with the contents of aromatic, asphaltene, and polar compounds in the oil. The effectiveness is weakly correlated with the viscosity of the oil. The dispersant effectiveness is limited primarily by the oil composition. 

Other important issues influencing the economics of oil recovery include methods of determining fluid movement and behavior within the reservoir (191) the effect of oil composition on oil... 

Effect of Oil Composition. Experimental data on the gas solubility in numerous crude oils indicate that the solubility increases as the specific gravity of the oil decreases. A low liquid gravity indicates the presence of appreciable concentrations of low molecular weight liquid hydrocarbons. Consequently there is a greater chemical similarity between the gas and the oil and a greater gas solubility is to be expected. 

Process effectiveness depends on maintaining an ultralow (ca 10 ° N/m (10 dynes/cm)) interfacial tension between the injected surfactant slug and the cmde oil (213). The effect of petroleum composition on oil solubilization by surfactants has been the subject of extensive study (214). 

Although silicone oils by themselves or hydrophobic particles (e.g., specially treated silica) are effective antifoams, combinations of silicone oils with hydrophobic silica particles are most effective and commonly used. The mechanism of film destruction has been studied with the use of surface and interfacial tensions, measurements, contact angles, oil-spreading rates, and globule-entering characteristics for PDMS-based antifoams in a variety of surfactant solutions.490 A very recent study of the effect of surfactant composition and structure on foam-control performance has been reported.380 The science and technology of silicone antifoams have recently been reviewed.491... 

Garcia, L., French, R., Czemik, S., Chornet, E., Catalytic steam reforming of bio-oils for the production of hydrogen effects of catalyst composition, Appl. 

The low H/C-ratio of FCC feed derived from liquefied biomass led to low conversion and poor gasoline selectivity. Addition of alumina to the matrix resulted in a catalyst more active for heavy oil cracking but with a poor selectivity. Alumina-montmorillonite catalysts showed activities for heavy oil cracking comparable to that of a conventional, zeolite based, cracking catalyst. Effects of matrix composition and zeolite type on the heavy oil cracking performance are discussed. 

As the temperature of dilute aqueous solutions containing ethoxylated nonionic surfactants is increased, the solutions may turn cloudy at a certain temperature, called the cloud point. At or above the cloud point, the cloudy solution may separate into two isotropic phases, one concentrated in surfactant (coacervate phase) and the other containing a low concentration of surfactant (dilute phase). As an example of the importance of this phenomena, detergency is sometimes optimum just below the cloud point, but a reduction in the washing effect can occur above the cloud point (95). However, the phase separation can improve acidizing operations in oil reservoirs (96) For surfactant mixtures, of particular interest is the effect of mixture composition on the cloud point and the distribution of components between the two phases above the cloud point. 

Pauls (83) examined the effect of the composition of binary solvent mixtures upon the selectivity and resolution of olive oil TG components. Separation factors (a values) and resolution were calculated for the linoleyldiolein (LOO)-linoleyl-palmitylolein (LPO) and triolein (OOO)-palmityldiolein (POO) pairs in olive oil. Five strong solvents (isopropanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone) as well as two weak solvents (methanol and acetonitrile) were employed. 

Effect of Composition and Pretreatment on Coke and H2 Selectivity. We examined the effect of catalyst composition and pretreatment on the selectivity for coke and H2. Results (Figures 5 and 6) indicate higher yields of coke and H2 at constant conversion for SA-59 relative to catalysts with lower alumina content. Pretreatment conditions influenced coke, H2 yields indirectly by influencing surface area and gas oil conversion. Thus, coke and H2 selectivity was not influenced by pretreatment conditions. We conclude that coke and H2 selectivity does not correlate with the concentration of A1 species of a particular coordination (eg., tetrahedral). 

Banks, W., Clapperton, J.L., Kelly, M.E. 1980. Effect of oil-enriched diets on the milk yield and composition, and on the composition and physical properties of the milk fat of dairy cows receiving a basal ration of grass silage. J. Dairy Res. 47, 277-285. 

This paper reports results on one phase of a program of study of concentrated oil-in-water emulsions, namely the effect of several composition variables on the apparent viscosity of concentrated (60 volume percent) crude oil-in-water emulsions. In particular, the effects of NaOH content, NaCl content, emulsion preparation technique, crude oil viscosity and aging of emulsion were studied. 

Kew, S., Mesa, M.D., Tricon, S., Buckley, R., Minihane, A.M., and Yaqoob, P. 2004. Effects of oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on immune cell composition and function in healthy humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79, 674-681. 

In 1973, Tatro et al (11)examined the qualitative and quantitative changes in essential oil composition of leaf oils obtained from Juniperus occidentalis, J. osteosperma and J, californica, and found that neither growth medium or seasonal variation had a significant effect on oil composition. By contrast, they observed a definite diurnal cycling which they attributed to the fluctuation in air temperature over a twenty-four hour period. Six years later, Hopfinger et al (16) examined the diurnal variation in the leaf oil of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. The authors found that there was a two-fold diurnal change in oil... 

The Navy has been interested in the use of alternate fossil fuels for sometime (1-4). Our interest is focused primarily in establishing the effects of chemical composition on fuel properties since such relations will lead to greater availability and better use of fuels. We recently reported some of our results on jet fuels derived from coal, tar sands and oil shale (1). Other papers in this series report on some aspects of oil shale derived fuels obtained from a large production experiment, Shale II, performed by Paraho, Inc. (, 6). In this paper, we report on some aspects of stability of a jet fuel prepared in an earlier Navy Program, Shale-I (3). 

So far we have considered only the effect of salinity on microemnlsion phase behavior. The effects of other compositional variables and temperatnre can be understood in terms of a single unifying principle. First, we summarize the results of numerous experiments by several workers in systems containing oil, brine, an anionic surfactant, and a short-chain alcohol. 

---