Properties antistatic

Electrically Conducting Fibers. FlectricaHy conducting fibers are useful in blends with fibers of other types to achieve antistatic properties in apparel fabrics and carpets. The process developed by Nippon Sanmo Dyeing Co., for example, is reportedly used by Asahi in Casbmilon 2.2 dtex (2 den) staple fibers. Courtaulds claims a flame-resistant electrically conductive fiber produced by reaction with guanadine and treatment with copper sulfide (97). 

Regardless of how the conditioner is appHed or what the stmcture of the quaternary is, benefits provided to conditioned hair include the reduction of combing forces, increased luster, and improved antistatic properties. 

A number of these stmctures are offered commercially by BASE Corporation under the trade name Tetronic polyols. The products are similar to oxygen block polymers. Although not strongly surface active per se, they are useful as detergents, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, defoamers, corrosion inhibitors, and lime-soap dispersants. They are reported to confer antistatic properties to textiles and synthetic fibers. 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been Hsted in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antisHp and antistatic properties to nylon, acryUc, and polyester fabrics. CycHc polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dibydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0] hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotria2ine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acryUc polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of usehil products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

Special types of carbon black may be incorporated in latexes used for backing of carpets to enhance their conductivity. Nylon carpets backed with such conductive latex offer excellent antistatic properties even at 10% rh (110). 

Textiles. Polyamides having improved antistatic properties utilize polyoxyalkylated hydrogenated castor od as the dispersible antistatic agent (113). A finish for bulked continuous polyamide filament yams also use polyoxyethylated castor od to enhance the fiber finish (114). 

Variation in the polyether block is the prime influence causing variations in T, hydrophilic properties and antistatic properties. 

Generally, PS containing amine groups are synthesized by condensation of chlorinated PS with amines. These type of resins are widely used as anionic resins.[8] PSs containing imidazol rings have antistatic properties and are used as additives to make dyeing of synthetic fiber materials easy [9] (Scheme [3]). 

Cocamidopropyl betaine is an amphoteric detergent, a detergent that can act as an acid or a base. It does not irritate the skin or mucous membranes. It is used to thicken shampoos, and to reduce the irritation that would result if only more irritating detergents were used. It has antibiotic effects, and is used in personal sanitary products. It also has antistatic properties, making it an effective conditioning agent in shampoos. 

Alkanesulfonates prove important auxiliaries in the textile and leather industries, both for manufacture of (synthetic) fibers and for textile refinement. Surfactants are also important for finishing of textiles, e.g., ensuring antistatic properties. Some processing steps and the surfactants used are listed in Table 32. An interesting overview of surfactants in the textile industry has been published [96]. 

In the polymers and plastics industry ether carboxylates are used to improve antistatic properties [214] and stress-cracking resistance of olefin polymers by... 

Cellulosic, polyester, and acrylic fibers lubricated with a surfactant-based oiling composition containing an organic phosphorus ester neutralized with an amine showed less pilling, good antistatic properties, and anticorrosiveness. The phosphorus ester salts were hexyl phosphate trimethylamine salt, dodecamethy-lene caproate phosphonate ethylamine salt, and polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether phosphate dimethylamine salt [262]. 

Many other products can be used as softeners but are less important commercially because of greater cost and/or inferior properties. Examples are anionic surfactants such as long-chain (C16-C22) alkyl sulphates, sulphonates, sulphosuccinates and soaps. These have rather low substantivity and are easily washed out. Nonionic types of limited substantivity and durability, usually applied by padding, include polyethoxylated derivatives of long-chain alcohols, acids, glycerides, oils and waxes. They are useful where ionic surfactants would pose compatibility problems and they exhibit useful antistatic properties, but they are more frequently used as lubricants in combination with other softeners, particularly the cationics. 

AMMONIUM HALIDE, 293 ANISOTROPY, 38 57 153 174 406 ANNULAR DIE, 311 ANTIOXIDANT, 385 ANTI-SLIP PROPERTIES, 208 ANTISTATIC PROPERTIES, 91 302 426 427 444 447 450 APPEARANCE, 124 186 241 293 AQUEOUS DISPERSION, 103 ARGON, 185 233 235 321 339 433 ARRHENIUS FACTOR, 243 ARTIFICIAL HIP, 52 ARTIFICIAL KNEE, 52 ARTIFICIAL SEAWEED, 455 ASPECT RATIO, 314 419 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY, 149... 

The antistatic properties of the step 2 product were evaluated by preparing tapes of blends with polystyrene by extruding in a twin-screw extruder using a flat die at 200°C. The contact angle of the tapes was measured using the sessile drop method and water as the measuring liquid. Testing data not supplied by author. 

When an EVA copolymer is saponified, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) units are introduced (17,18). EVOH copolymers are excellent in melt moldability, gas barrier properties, oil resistance, antistatic property and mechanical strength, and are used as various types of packages in the form of a film, a sheet, a container, etc. 

Antistatic Compositions. Antistatic properties can be imparted to ABS polymers by coating the surface of the resin with surfactants or by incorporating surfactants into the resin by kneading. Further, it has been proposed to admix an epihalohydrin polymer or an ethylene oxide copolymer. 

Compositions of ABS polymers that contain a special ethylene oxide copolymer have been developed, which do not suffer from these drawbacks. The ethylene oxide copolymer consists of ethylene oxide and 1-naphthyl glycidyl ether. The copolymer a should have a high refractive index of more than 1.50. The presence of this copolymer in the ABS resin composition gives a product of remarkably improved surface appearance when the composition is subjected to injection molding. In addition, the resin composition has an excellent antistatic property (23). 

Polyurethanes with antistatic properties are suitable for use where static electrical charges must be dissipated. The polyurethane must be compounded to provide the antistatic properties throughout the whole bulk of the material. The antistatic agent, if a liquid, must not migrate to the surface readily. Surface coating the item is not desirable, as the effect is only temporary. 

In order to be used as an additive in various types of textile lubricants, surfactants should have high miscibility with base oils as well as the other fundamental surfactant characteristics such as lubricity improving ability and antistatic properties. Table XVI shows the miscibility of C a gAE vari°us lubricant base oils in comparison with that of NPE(IOEO). Good miscibility of SAE can be seen in the Table. Further information, including practical examples, is contained1 in Union Carbide Corp. s booklet on Tergitol 15-S nonionics(20). 

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