Surfactant based

Based on the calculation of the solvatation free energy of methylene fragment with carboxyl at the aliphatic carboxylic acids extraction, the uniqueness of cloud-point phases was demonstrated, manifested in their ability to energetically profitably extract both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules of substrates. The conclusion is made about the universality of this phenomenon and its applicability to other kinds of organized media on the surfactant base. 

Surfactant-Based Separation Processes, edited by John F. Scamehom and Jeffrey H. Han/vell... 

Modified cellulose-based thickeners are often used, along with the surfactant-based thickeners already mentioned. 

Ester sulfonates will become more and more interesting in the future because the raw materials for their preparation are fatty acid esters which can be prepared from oils and fats, and thus from renewable resources. They can be used as possible substitutes for surfactants based on petrochemicals. 

However, it could be expected that the share of the latter group will rise to the same extent as the rising importance of environmental digestibility. It is very possible that in the future the C16/C18 ester sulfonates will partly replace the alkylbenzenesulfonates produced from petrochemical raw material [6,7]. N. R. Smith [8] expects the a-sulfo methyl esters to be an alternative to ethylene-based surfactants. An increase in the production of surfactants based on ethylene is problematic, because in industrial countries ethylene production is occurring at 95% of capacity and more. 

Several decades ago, metal salts of fatty acids—soaps—were the most common anionic surfactants. Due to lots of disadvantages (irritation potential, lime soap, etc.) and the rise of petrochemical industry, the market for soaps dropped down with the exception of the field of body cleaning [1]. Today either surfactants based on petrochemical or natural products can be found in the market. 

Cellulosic, polyester, and acrylic fibers lubricated with a surfactant-based oiling composition containing an organic phosphorus ester neutralized with an amine showed less pilling, good antistatic properties, and anticorrosiveness. The phosphorus ester salts were hexyl phosphate trimethylamine salt, dodecamethy-lene caproate phosphonate ethylamine salt, and polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether phosphate dimethylamine salt [262]. 

Although only the types of surfactants presently used in main detergent formulation have been indicated, the system allows for processing of a wider range of product while still complying with the maintenance of the quality level of the feed. Moreover, products like hydrotropes or blends of surfactants and inorganic salts can be conveniently processed to yield preformulated surfactant bases ready for incorporation in formulated detergents. 

High Performance Polymers 13, No.2, June 2001, p.S365-71 SURFACTANTS BASED ON RECYCLED POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FOR BREAKING WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS Abdel-Azim A-AA El-Sukkary M M A Egyptian Petroleum Researeh Institute... 

Ampholytic surfactants based on phosphatides, betaines and alky lamino-substituted amino adds are an increasingly important group of surfactants and are generally reported to be reasonably biodegradable. 

A methyl quatemized erucyl amine [660] is useful for aqueous viscoelastic surfactant-based fracturing fluids in high-temperature and high-permeability formations. 

General Reeebences Lemlich (ed.). Adsorptive Bubble Separation Techniques, Academic, New York, 1972. Garleson, Adsorptive Buhhle Separation Processes in Scamehom and Harwell (eds.), Surfactant-Based Separation Processes, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989. 

Particularly useful is the physical classification of surfactants based on the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) system [67,68] established by Griffin [69,70]. More than 50 years ago he introduced an empirical scale of HLB values for a variety of nonionic surfactants. Griffin s original concept defined HLB as the percentage (by weight) of the hydrophile divided by 5 to yield more manageable values ... 

Smith, D.H. Surfactant-Based Mobility Control - Progress in... 

As part of the studies undertaken in our laboratory it was necessary to be able to determine quantitatively the surfactant present in large numbers of samples (> 100 per week) arising, for example, from core flooding experiments. The chosen method needed to be rapid to reduce analysis time, and to require little manipulation of the sample to reduce errors. In this paper we report the development of a method for the determination of anionic surfactants based upon autotitration and comment on the physico-chemical basis of the technique. 

Surfactant-Based Mobility Control Progress in Miscible-Rood Enhanced Oil Recovery Smith, Duane H., Ed. ACS Symposium Series No. 373 American Chemical Society Washington, D.C., 1988. 

In the context of the above basic requirements of the process, the chemicals used are sodium hydroxide as the primary agent and a surfactant-based auxiliary to aid rapid and even penetration as an important secondary requirement. 

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