Soybean oil composition

FIGURE 13.21 Langmuir analysis of adsorption isotherm derived from friction between steel and starch-soybean oil composite. The concentration of soybean oil in the composite is expressed in weight fraction (w/w). 

Biresaw G, Erhan SM. 2002. Solid lubricant formulations containing starch-soybean oil composites. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 79 291-296. 

Fanta GF, Felker FC, Byars JA, Kenar JA, Shogren RL. 2009a. Starch-soybean oil composites with high oUistarch ratios prepared by steam jet cooking. Starch/Stdrke 61 590-600. 

Garzon GA, Gaines CS, Mohamed A, Palmquist DE. 2003a. Effect of oil content and pH on the physicochemical properties of com starch-soybean oil composites. Ceretil Chem 80 154-158. 

Lipids. Representative fatty acid compositions of the unprocessed triglyceride oils found in the four oilseeds are given in Table 4 (see Fats and FATTY oils). Cottonseed, peanut, and sundower oils are classified as oleic—linoleic acid oils because of the high (>50%) content of these fatty acids. Although the oleic and linoleic acid content of soybean oils is high, it is distinguished from the others by a content of 4—10% of linolenic acid, and hence is called a linolenic acid oil. 

Sterols are present in concentrations of 0.2—0.4% in the oils. Compositions are given in Table 5. The sterols exist in the seeds in four forms free, estetified, nonacylated glucosides, and acylated glucosides. Soybeans contain a total of 0.16% of these sterol forms in the ratio of ca 3 1 2 2 (27) (see... 

The composition of common fats and oils are found in Table 1. The most predominant feedstocks for the manufacture of fatty acids are tallow and grease, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and cottonseed oil. Another large source of fatty acids comes from the distillation of cmde tall oil obtained as a by-product from the Kraft pulping process (see Tall oil Carboxylic acids, fatty acids from tall oil). 

PLA/PCL-OMMT nano-composites were prepared effectively using fatty amides as clay modifier. The nano-composites shows increasing mechanical properties and thermal stability (Hoidy et al, 2010c). New biopolymer nano-composites were prepared by treatment of epoxidized soybean oil and palm oil, respectively plasticized PLA modified MMT with fatty nitrogen compounds. The XRD and TEM results confirmed the production of nanocomposites. The novelty of these studies is use of fatty nitrogen compoimds which reduces the dependence on petroleum-based surfactants (Al-Mulla et al., 2011 Al-Mulla et ah, 2011 Al- Mulla et ah, 2010c). 

Lycopene was dispersed in medium-chain triglyceride oil derived from esterification of fatty acids and glycerol composition was stable for 3 mo at 25°C, compared with dispersion on soybean oil... 

Figure 10.12 Example of seed oil chemical composition (soybean oil).

The solubility of hydrogen in oil without propane can be seen at the baseline between the oil and the hydrogen in Fig. 9.3-4. The same point is illustrated by "cgi" in Fig. 9.3-2. The stoichiometric need of hydrogen depends on the reaction, but generally it is above 50 mol%. Full hydrogenation of a soybean oil requires more than 85 mol% hydrogen. To maintain the chemistry in the reaction, this ratio of oil to H2 has to be maintained also when a solvent is added ( see the dotted line in Fig. 9.3-4). For technical reasons, the stoichiometric need has to be exceeded to some extent. Thus, the composition of the feed to the reactor must be to the right of the dotted line, i.e., need in Fig. 9.3-4. 

The oxidative stability of an oil depends on the fatty acid (FA) composition and triacyl-glycerol (TAG) structure, as well as on non-TAG components, such as tocopherols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, citric acid, free fatty acids, and sterols, which may either prevent or promote oxidation. Several investigations have reported correlations of FA composition, TAG structure, and oxidative stability (135-140). For example, the oxidative stability of purified TAG from soybean oil (SBO) in air in the dark at 60°C is correlated positively with a greater concentration of oleic acid (O) and lower concentrations of linoleic (L) and linolenic (Ln) acids of SBO TAG. 

Recently, Mounts et al. studied the effect of genetic modification on the content and composition of tocopherols, sterols, and phospholipids in soybean oil (28). Although, in general, there was little impact on the phospholipid classes, a higher PA content was found in some crude oil samples. Compositional variations in molecular species indicated that genetic modification of soybeans affected the phospholipids at the molecular level. 

TL Mounts, SL Abidi, KA Rennick. Effect of genetic modification on the content and composition of bioactive constituents in soybean oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 73 581-586, 1996. 

Mayonnaise. Mayonnaise is an oil-in-water emulsion prepared generally by using either whole egg or egg yolk. Instead of these, gelatin-Leu-OCi2 (15 min) (see Table IV) was tried as an emulsifying surfactant to prepare a mayonnaise-like food. Tween-60 as well as whole egg and egg yolk were used as controls. The final adopted ingredient composition was as follows 54 g soybean oil 0.9 g table salt 10 g surfactant dispersion. To prepare surfactant dispersions of two different concentra-... 

Li et al. (2007) reported the use of dry biomass, Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae) IF04697, whole cell-catalyzed methanolysis of soybean oil for biodiesel (methyl ester) in rm-butanol system. Changing one separate factor at a time (COST), live-level-four-factor Central Composite Design (CCD) were used to evaluate the effects of synthesis conditions, such as tert-butanol to oil volume ratio, methanol to oil molar ratio, water content, and dry biomass amount. Biodiesel yields of 72% were obtained under the optimal conditions using the proposed model for prediction. 

Choi,N., Kwon, D., Yoon, S. H., Jung, M. Y., and Shin, H. 2004. Selectively hydrogenated soybean oil with conjugated linoleic acid modifies body composition and plasma lipids in rats. Journal of Nutrit. Biochemistry, 15, 411 117. 

If the refinery purchases soybean oils for processing, one of the first tasks is to check composition of the received oil against the contract (usually NOPA Trading Rules), in as much as this determines the final price paid ... 

Figure 3.2 The varying composition versus reaction time in the hydrogenation of a soybean oil over nickel catalyst. The points are experimental values and the lines show the curves calculated by using the kinetic constants in the figure. (From Allen, R. R. in Bailey s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, 4th ed. Swem, D., Ed. Wiley New York 1982 Vol. 2, p 12. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

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