Naming ketones

Oleic acid, structure of, 1062 Oligonucleotide, 1114 synthesis of, 1114-1116 Olive oil, composition of, 1062 -otie. ketone name ending, 697 -otdtrile, nitrile name ending, 754 Optical activity, 294-296 measurement of, 295 Optical isomers. 297 Optically active, 295 Orbital. 4... 

Pheromone gland extracts of the Australian guava moth, Coscinopty-cha improbana (Lepidoptera Carposinidae), contained four compounds that elicited responses from male moth antennae in GC-EAD analyses. These compounds, identified on the basis of GC-MS, were found to be (Z )-7-tricosene along with three monounsaturated ketones, namely (Z)-7-ocatadecen-ll-one, (Z )-7-nonadecen-l l-one and (Z )-7-tricosen-l l-one they were found in a ratio of 65 23-5 1-5 10 respectively. ... 

Exercise 15-15 How can D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-ribose be considered products of the addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone Name each of the carbonyl compounds by the IUPAC system. For the ribose carbonyl structure, determine the configuration at each chiral center, using the D,L system. 

For the oxidation of alcohols, two equally valid kinds of intermediates have been considered for the abstraction of the hydrogen atom that leads to the formation of aldehydes or ketones—namely, hydroperoxo and radical intermediates ... 

Like aldehydes, ketones can be named using either the common system or the IUPAC system. In the common system, ketones names are created by naming the groups attached to the carbonyl carbon and then adding the word ketone. Following are several examples ... 

Products with mass equal to the sum of the reagent masses also form, to different extents, in the reactions of 02 with ketones, namely acetone, CF3COCH3 and (CF3)2C0264. These adducts were tentatively assigned the structure of the bound tetrahedral adduct of nucleophilic carbonyl addition. While this reaction is the only one observed with acetone, it competes with H+ abstraction in the case of CF3COCH3 to form the stabilized enolate [CH2=C (CT)CF3] and with ET in the case of (CF3)2CO (electron affinity is ca 33.7 kcal moF1). In this latter case it was concluded that reaction of (CF3)2CO with Of occurs exclusively via ET and that the adduct forms in a secondary process via reaction of the primary product, the radical anion of (CF3)2CO with 302 present in the flow from the preparation of 02 (see Scheme 39). 

Likely products of step 2, precipitates of Zn or Ca salts of amino acids valine and isovaline, were subjected to heating to 320°C in a nitrogen atmosphere (Strasdeit et al. 2001), causing complete thermolysis. Besides the simple diketopiperazines (cyclic dipeptides) and other peptides, heterocyclic compounds arise, and ketones (namely, the symmetrical Ruzicka products which form from Ca salts after desamination of the amino acids, like 2,8-dimethylnonan-5-on) and other prebiotically feasible small molecules. As might be anticipated, product yields and distribution sensitively depend on whether Zn or Ca ions were involved. There is some quite simple precondition for... 

Other olefinic ketones have been reduced selectively at room temperature and atmospheric pressure over a platinum or palladium catalyst to give good yields of the ketones, namely, 5-methyl->heptanone (94%), diisobutyl ketone (100%), and a-benzylacetophenone (81-95%). Selective hydrogenations of some 3-alkyl-2-cyclohexenones have been carried out over palladinized charcoal in essentially quantitative yields. Preparation of platinum catalyst has been described. Many olefinic ketones prepared by the aldol condensation or by acylation of olefins have been hydrogenated however, the yields are not always stated. Benzalacetone, CgHsCHasCHCOCHj, is selectively reduced to benzyl-acetone in a 63% yield by the action of sodium amalgam in acetic acid-alcohol solution. ... 

The over-all yields (R equals w-C,-Q, -C , and -C ) from the esters vary from 55% to 78%. Certain heterocyclic ketones, namely, 8-acetyl-quinoline and /3-acetylpyridine, have been prepared through a mixed ester condensation. (3) If acetoacetic ester is acylated in the form of its sodium enolate and carefully hydrolyzed, a new /3-keto ester is formed. Alkylation of this keto ester followed by hydrolysis gives ketones of the type RCOCH,R. ... 

The organic acids represent a still higher stage of oxidation of hydrocarbons than the aldehydes and ketones namely, the stage... 

When the phosphoryl group has been donated to ATP, the enol undergoes a conversion into the more stable ketone—namely, pyruvate. 

TET provides a unified view of the photochemistry of ketones, namely ... 

Why does phosphoenolpyruvate have such a high phosphoryl-transfer potential The phosphoryl group traps the molecule in its unstable enol form. When the phosphoryl group has been donated to ATP, the enol undergoes a conversion into the more stable ketone-—namely, pyruvate. 

In the catalytic formation of cyclododecatriene, the open chain species is cy-clized and displaced by entering butadiene with simultaneous reformation of the open chain species. When carbon monoxide is added to the complex, coupling takes place with incorporation of carbon monoxide to form cyclic ketone, namely 11-vinyl-3,7-cycloundecadien-l-one 128>. Isocyanide is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide, as described before thus isocyanide effects similar in-... 

We have investigated the reactivity of three open chain unsaturated ketones, namely geranylacetone 1, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 2 and 5-hexen-2-one 3. 

Ketones which contain a tertiary alkyl group are formed as the result of the elimination of water from pinacols. When pinacol is heated with an aqueous solution of an acid, it loses water and forms a ketone, named pinac-oliUy which is the first member of a series of substances known as pinac-olins. In the transformation a molecular rearrangement evidently takes place. The probable course of the reaction is expressed by the formulas,—... 

Notice that the systematic names of aldehydes contain -al and that ketone names contain -one. 

The systematic names of aldehydes contain -al and that ketone names contain -one. Notice that testosterone has both alcohol and ketone groups the ketone functional group dominates the molecular properties. Therefore, testosterone is considered a ketone first and an alcohol second, and its name reflects its ketone properties. 

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