Negative correlation

If we go one step further, we find a high interrelation between the recorded movement parameters themselves. Duration, the number of bursts, complexity and information are positively correlated in all groups (n=120, rs=0.65 to 0.84) and correlate negatively with speed (-0.45 to -0.87). That is short movements have fewer bursts, are less complex and have less information, and their speed is high. These interrelations suggest that there are physical constraints on movements. 

McIntyre C, Pal S, Marriott L, Gold P. 2002a. Competition between memory systems Acetylcholine release in the hippocampus correlates negatively with good performance on an amygdala-dependent task. The Journal of Neuroscience 22(3) 1171-1176. 

Endothelial progenitor cell numbers appear to decrease in the presence of risk factors for CAD and to correlate negatively with Framingham cardiovascular risk factors [31]. Therefore, stem cell therapy with EPCs may prove very useful in the clinical setting of cardiovascular disease. The kinetic and biological properties of EPCs may be especially appropriate for autologous transplantation. EPCs may also be safe to use in elderly and diabetic patients, populations in which they do not tend to migrate as much or induce neovascularization [68]. 

In fatty fish, the total lipid content correlates negatively with the content of dry matter and water. The fat-water line has been recognized in dozens of species of fish (Kizevetter, 1942 Levanidov, 1950 Luhmann, 1953, 1955 Brandes and Dietrich, 1958 Krivobok and Tarkovskaya, 1960 Shulman, 1961). The correlation is a good one (r=-0.8 to -0.9), but each species has its own equation. In Black Sea sprat, for example, the relationship is Y=-13.28 + 0.84X, where Y is the total lipid content and X the content of dry matter... 

L14. Liu, T. F., and Jones, B. M., Impaired production of IL-12 in systemic lupus erythematosus. II. IL-12 production in vitro is correlated negatively with serum IL-10, positively with serum I I N v and negatively with disease activity in SLE. Cytokines 10, 148—153 (1998). 

Hyperlipidemia (mainly hypercholesterolemia) is a regular part of nephrotic syndrome (K13, W6). Serum levels of cholesterol are often markedly elevated, usually above 10 mmol/L. However, in severely malnourished patients, normal or even decreased serum cholesterol level can be found. Serum levels of triacylglyc-erols fluctuate, from normal values to markedly elevated values (mainly in patients with proteinuria higher than 10 g/24 hr). There is a variable increase in plasma concentrations of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL, they correlate negatively with serum albumin level), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), andLDL however, plasma concentrations of HDL are usually normal (J3). Levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)j are also increased (W4). Remission of nephrotic syndrome or decrease of proteinuria may result in the decrease of plasma concentrations of Lp(a) (G2). Concentration of free fatty acids in serum is commonly decreased because they are normally bound to albumin and albumin is lost into the urine. The activity of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is usually decreased. 

Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats had higher (by 6%) blood plasma TAC than normal animals TAC correlated negatively with blood pressure in normal but not in hypertensive rats (N4). Other authors found no differences in TAC of blood plasma of SH rats as compared with normotensive rats. Lisinopril or amlodipine treatment did not affect TAC (M5). Another study found a negative correlation of TAC with blood pressure in normal but not SH rats (N5). 

The null hypothesis assumes that, if some apparent correlation is present in the sample, it arose by the mechanism shown in Figure 14.2. The underlying population maybe distributed perfectly symmetrically, with no correlation at all, but the random sampling procedure must have selected points that create an impression of correlation (negative correlation in the example illustrated). 

Kim et al. (2003) 25 25 -9 -13 First episode, neuroleptic naive. Rt. post, correlates positively with neg. symptoms. Lft.ant.correlates negatively with neg. symptoms... 

The correlation between plasma clozapine concentration and heart rate variability has been studied in 40 patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine 50-600 mg/day (31). The patients had reduced heart rate variability parameters, which correlated negatively with plasma clozapine concentration. 

We have recently reported a decreased fraction of A 5l-42 of all A(i peptides in C S E of patients with AD. In this study, all the AD patients and none of the controls appeared below the discrimination line of 8.5%. Plotting the results of relative ratios of A(il-42 against A(il-38 showed all AD cases and none of the controls in the region with decreased A(il-42 however some AD cases had increased A 5l-38, similarly to subjects with chronic neuroinflammatoiy diseases (Wiltfang et al., 2002) (figure 14.3). This observation points to a presence of chronic (micro)-inflammatory reaction in the CNS of subjects with AD. Moreover, this report also presents evidence that severity of dementia correlates negatively with percentage but not absolute value of A(i peptides shorted at their carboxyl ends. 

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