Foaming power

Foaming extrusion Foaming-in-place beads Foaming power Foam inhibitors... 

In general, the higher the foaming power, the lower the toxicity (39). Sulfonates that are absorbed into a living system are readily distributed and excreted. 

The use of high concentrations of vanillin in soap perfumery can cause discoloring effects over time, dark or black spots appear on the soap and foaming power is reduced. In some cases, however, the use of Rhodiarome ethylvanillin is possible, because ethylvanillin [121 -32-4] does not cause the same discoloration problems and, being at least three times more powerful than vanillin, can be used alone. Some surprising cases show that with oak or tree mosses and large amounts of methyl ionones, the soap perfume may look fine and have a low discoloration, and yet over time vanillin crystals can appear on the soap itself. 

Maurer et al. [57] determined the foaming power of octadecyl sulfuric acid and several of its salts, such as sodium, triethylamine, triethanolamine, and some amino acids. Foam capacity, measured by the Ross-Miles test [150] at 60°C, was in the range of 180-210 mm showing comparatively few differences. 

Gafa and Lattanzi [6] determined the foaming power of commercial surfactants including AOS, LAS, AS, and SAS in 1 g/L solutions at 40°C according to a modified Ross-Miles method [66]. Their data, shown in Table 24, show that the best foaming products are the AOS and AS compounds followed by LAS and SAS. 

TABLE 24 Foaming Power of AOS and Reference Surfactants According to a Modified Ross-Miles Test at 40°C and 1 g/L Surfactant Concentration... 

LDL compositions containing AOS, a sulfosuccinic acid ester, a zwitterionic and a nonionic surfactant have been described by Noguera et al. [76]. Such compositions have good cleaning and foaming power and are useful too for shampoo and laundry-cleaning purposes. 

Understanding the factors that inhibit the foaming power is of great importance, because it yields a basic knowledge— how the materials produced will perform with respect to foaming. It also serves to predict how individual crude oil compositions would work with different defoamers [301]. 

AG are next in importance in the list of non-petrochemically based surfactants, with an annual production rate of 50 000 t. They find application in laundry detergents and dishwashing agents where they exhibit very good foaming power and excellent degreasing capacity [22],... 

One of the defects of the synthetic material is its copious foaming power, which generally must be corrected by the use of antifoam agents. The foaming problem is especially important in soft water. 

In foaming, the ratio of gas volume to liquid volume in a foam, expressed as a percentage. Also termed the foaming power . 

For application of foam CCC to various natural products, it is desirable to establish a set of physicochemical parameters which reliably indicate their applicability to foam CCC. Two parameters were selected for this purpose (i.e., foaming power and foam stability )... 

Oka, H., Iwaya, M., Harada, K.-L, Muarata, H., Suzuki, M., Ikai, Y, Hayakawa, J., and Ito, Y, Effect of foaming power and foam stability on continuoius concentration with faom countercurrent chromatography,/. Chromatogr. A 791 53 (1997). 

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