Middle-distillate oils composition

III. Composition of Sulfur Species in Middle-Distillate Oils... 

Beimesch and Zehler (104) described the uses of two esters with different viscosity in diesel fuel to reduce smoke emissions and increase fuel lubricity. In one preferred embodiment of that invention, methyl octadecenoate, a major component of biodiesel, was included in the formula. Similarly, Dilworth (105) also described a fuel composition comprising middle distillate fuel oil and two additional lubricating components those components being (1) an ester of an unsaturated... 

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC X GC) is another hyphenated technique where two different chromatographic separation mechanisms act in concert to greatly improve component separation and identification. To date, GC X GC has been used to analyze light and middle distillate petroleum products. GC X GC has successfully separated and quantitated oxygenates, BTEX, and heavier aromatics in gasoline. GC X GC has been used to smdy the composition of kerosene, gas oil, cycle oil, and for forensic fingerprinting of marine diesel fuel spills. 

Uses. A marked improvement in the low temperature flow property of a fuel oil having a bp 120-150°C by adding a novel compound prepared by reacting pri-, sec- or tert-aliphatic amine containing alkyl group of 1-30 C-atoms with 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-endo-aP-succinic anhydride (or acid) there of together with a polymer having ethylene structure present relates compound temperature fluidity middle distillate composition petroleum fuel. 

The composition of the hydrocarbon feedstock sets the preferred conversion routes for the production of liquid transportation fuels, e.g. gasoline or middle distillate fuels (kerosine and gas oil). When the carbon/hydrogen ratios of feedstock and product are well matched as is the case with, e.g. coal and aromatic gasoline and with natural gas and paraffinic middle distillates, a relatively high theoretical conversion efficiency is possible. If the carbon/hydrogen ratios of feedstock and product differ substantially, rejection of carbon or hydrogen, as the case may be, is inevitable and lower conversion efficiencies are the result. Figure 1 shows, schematically, the resource selection routes for the various conversion processes. 

In the studies carried out to date, eight fuels have been tested which include six synfuels and two petroleum derived fuels. The synfuels tested included SRC-II middle and heavy distillate fuels, a blend of these fuels, and one SRC fuel blended with the process donor solvent. Composition data for the various fuels are presented in Table I, where it can be seen that the coal derived liquids have a higher C H ratio than either the diesel or residual petroleum oils, indicative of a higher aromatic hydrocarbon content. The shale-derived DFM on the other hand is a highly processed fuel and has a C H ratio similar to the petroleum diesel oil. Complete analyses of all the actual fuels tested were unfortunately not available at the time of writing, and, where necessary, typical analyses have been taken from previous studies. 

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