Embryo cells

Mazur, P. (1990). Equilibrium quasi-equilibrium, and nonequilibrium freezing of mammalian embryos. Cell Biophy. 17, 53-92. 

The incorporation and metabolism of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-[ H]glucose and -D-[ H]mannose in yeast and chick-embryo cells has been studied. 2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose, and their GDP and UDP derivatives were found to interfere with protein (involving that of... 

Measles Chick embryo cell cultures infected with attenuated measles virus 1 Clarification 2 Freeze-drying Infectivity titration in cell cultures Tests to exclude presence of extraneous viruses... 

Rat embryo cells (transformation) Cell transformation No data + Price et al. 1978... 

Syrian hamster embryo cells (clonal assay) Cell transformation No data — Amacher and Zelljadt 1983... 

Amacher DE, Zelljadt I. 1983. The morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by chemicals reportedly nonmutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium. Carcinogenesis 4 291-295. 

Hayashi, N. Hasegawa, K. Barrett, J. C. Tsutsui, T. Estrogen-induced cell transformation and DNA adduct formation in cultured Syrian hamster embryo cells. Mol. Carcinog. 1996, 16, 149-156. 

Edgar, B. A., and O Farrell, P. H. (1989). Genetic control of cell division patterns in the Drosophila embryo. Cell 57 117-187. 

This suggests that cyclin A2 is not essential for the early embryonic cell cycles. Also D-type cyclins seem to be dispensable for the early mouse embryo cell cycle progression since embryonic stem (ES) cells do not express them at all before differentiation (Savatier et al 1996). We do not know, however, whether the D-type cyclins are also absent in the early embryo. These observations suggest that not only could the first cell cycles of the mouse embryo have specific modifications, but also further embryonic cell cycles are specifically modified as well. Mammalian embryonic cell cycles are probably modified often during development. Such studies could allow us to determine a profile of a minimal cell cycle in mammals which must, however, be much more complex than a simple S M phase embryonic cell cycle of amphibians or insects. 

Cuthbertson KS, Whittingham DG, Cobbold PH 1981 Free Ca2+ increases in exponential phases during mouse oocyte activation. Nature 294 754—757 Day ML, Johnson MH, Cook DI 1998 A cytoplasmic cell cycle controls the activity of a K+ channel in pre-implantation mouse embryos. EMBO J 17 1952—1960 Flach G, Johnson MH, Braude PR, Taylor RA, Bolton VN 1982 The transition from maternal to embryonic control in the 2-cell mouse embryo. EMBO J 1 681-686 Howlett SK 1986 A set of proteins showing cell cycle-dependent modification in the early mouse embryo. Cell 45 387-396... 

Tio M, Zavortink M, Yang X, Chia W 1999 A functional analyses of inscuteable and its roles during Drosophila asymmetric cell divisions. J Cell Sci 112 1541—1551 Uemura T, Shepherd S, Ackerman L, Jan LY, Jan YN 1989 numb, a gene required in determination of cell fate during sensory organ formation in Drosophila embryos. Cell 58 349-360... 

Strome S, Wood WB 1983 Generation of asymmetry and segregation of germ-line granules in early C. elegans embryos. Cell 35 15—25... 

Etemad-Moghadam B, Guo S, Kemphues KJ 1995 Asymmetrically distributed PAR-3 protein contributes to cell polarity and spindle alignment in early C. elegans embryos. Cell 83 743-752... 

Chinese hamster ovary cells Syrian hamster embryo cells Chromosomal aberration, DNA repair, mitotic disturbance NA + Bauchingerand Schmid 1972 Costa et al. 1982 Robison et al. 1984 Zelikoff et al. 1988 Ariza et al. 1998... 

Dunkel VC, Pienta RJ, Sivak A, et al. 1981. Comparative neoplastic transformation responses of Balb/3T-3 cells, Syrian hamster embryo cells, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus-infected Fischer 344 rat embryo cells to chemical carcinogens. J Nat Cancer Inst 67 1303-1315. 

Pienta RJ, Poiley JA, Lebherz WB III. 1977. Morphological transformation of early-passage golden Syrian hamster embryo cells derived from cryopreserved primary cultures as a reliable in vitro bioassay for identifying diverse carcinogens. Int J Cancer 19 642-655. 

Landolph JR (1985) Chemical transformation of C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 mouse embryo cells historical background, assessment of the transformation assay and evaluation and optimization of the transformation assay protocol. In IARC Scientific Publication No 67, pp 185-198... 

Hepatocyte primary cultures Hepatocyte primary cultures Cell transformation Syrian hamster embryo cells... 

Parent RA, Casto BC. 1979. Effect of acrylonitrile on primary Syrian golden hamster embryo cells in culture Transformation and DNA fragmentation. J Natl Cancer Inst 62 1025-1029. 

As described earlier in Chapter 2, B[a]P is metabolized mainly to the 7R 7.8-transdihvdrodiol. However, both enantiomers are further epoxidized on the lower face of the molecule. Thus, while the 7R enantiomer forms mainly the anti-diol epoxide, the 7S enantiomer forms mainly svn-diol epoxide. In some systems, such as human colon (138) or hamster embryo cells (139), significant quantities of svn-diol epoxide adducts are found, including adducts... 

Aniline transformed the Balb/3T3 mouse cell line at doses of 0.8 to 100 /dose-response effect), but not the Syrian hamster embryo cells (Dunkel et al. 1981). Results were negative in DNA damage assays in Escherichia coli (Mamber et al. 1983) and Bacillus subtilis (McCarroll et al. 1981). 

Several attenuated strains have been developed for use in vaccine preparations. The most commonly used is the Jeryl Linn strain, which is propagated in chick embryo cell culture. This vaccine has been administered to well over 50 million people worldwide and, typically, results in seroconversion rates of over 97 per cent. The Sabin (oral poliomyelitis) vaccine consists of an aqueous suspension of poliomyelitis virus, usually grown in cultures of monkey kidney tissue. It contains approximately 1 million particles of poliomyelitis strains 1,2 or 3 or a combination of all three strains. 

Lee, T.C., M. Oshimura, and J.C. Barrett. 1985. Comparison of arsenic-induced cell transformation, cytotoxicity, mutation and cytogenetic effects in Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture. Carcinogenesis 6 1421-1426. 

On the other hand, mercuric chloride, at a concentration of 50 /iM, also has been shown to enhance viral transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells [252],... 

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