Embryo cells rabbit

Promegestone Propfol injection Propoxur + flumethrin Purified chick embryo cell tissue Purified vicapsular polysaccharide of salmonella typhi Rabbit Antihuman thymocyte immunoglobulin intravenous Rabies vaccine inactivated (Vero-Cell)... 

Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV), rabies vaccine adsorbed (RVA), and purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine (PCEC) are killed vaccines used for preexposure and postexposure rabies virus prophylaxis. Transmission of rabies can occur via percutaneous, per-mucosal, or airborne exposure to the rabies virus. Circumstances favoring such transmission include animal bites or attacks and contamination of scratches, cuts, abrasions, or mucous membranes with saliva or other infectious material (brain tissue). Unprovoked attacks and daytime attacks by nocturnal animals are considered highly suspect. Common wild animal transmitters include skunks, coyotes, foxes, and raccoons. Almost 60% of human rabies deaths in the United States since 1980 were associated with bat contact. Canine rabies is very common in many foreign countries (most of Asia, Africa, and Latin America). Rodents, rabbits, and hares are infected rarely. There have been a few reports of a person-to-person transmission. ... 

Schmidt, Schwarz and colleagues (47,48) further showed that 2F-mannose and 2F-glucose inhibited the biosyntheses of infective Semliki virus and fowl plague virus (influenza virus A) in chick embryo cells eind that of pseudorabies virus in rabbit kidney cells. This was attributed to failure to complete the viral envelope (49)... 

The small differences in transcriptional patterns displayed by mouse and rabbit embryos may be related to morphological ifferences in the embryos. The rabbit ovum, for example, is about twice the diameter of the mouse ovum, cleaves more rapidly, reaches a morula stage of about 100-130 cells before cavitation begins and retains its zona pellucida throughout the preimplantation period. It is possible that further slight variations in transcriptional patterns will be uncovered as other orders of mammals are studied. 

It should be noted that Foote and his associates have taken exception to the significance of blastokinin as well as uterine proteins in general. Thus, Kane and Foote (1971) starting with 1-cell rabbit embryos obtained expanded blatocysts on a defined medium supplemented with only bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, it was reported that if was possible to obtain one full term young from a rabbit embryo transferred into a recipient doe after 88 hours of culture on a medium containing only serum (Mauer et al., 1970). 

Pesticides accumulate in fetal cells and reproductive organs in mammals, birds, and fish due to biochemical processes. This is noted especially often for OCPs, which were observed in large amounts (up to 6.8 mg/kg) in, for example, the sexual organs of hares, rabbits, pheasants, green-winged teals, and in white-eyed and red-headed ducks. They were found in animal embryos, as well as in black thrush eggs and in pheasant embryos and amniotic fluid (up to 73.0 mg/kg) [3]. 

Figure 7-32 Micrograph of a mouse embryo fibroblast was obtained using indirect immunofluorescence techniques.313 The cells were fixed with formaldehyde, dehydrated, and treated with antibodies (formed in a rabbit) to microtubule protein. The cells were then treated with fluorescent goat antibodies to rabbit /-globulins (see Chapter 31) and the photograph was taken by fluorescent light emission. Courtesy of Klaus Weber.

Ascorbic acid stimulates proliferation of rabbit chondrocytes at high cell density, chick embryo and bovine articular chondrocytes, and rabbit cartilage explants. Although evidence suggests that ascorbic acid treatment does not directly stimulate transcription of ECM products, cultured chondrocytes undergo changes in gene expression characteristic of hypertrophy. 

Due to the limited applicability of in silico SAR approaches for developmental toxicity, there is more reliance on in vitro screening. From what has been publicly disclosed, it is evident that the four in vitro tests used for industrial screening are chick embryonic neural retina (CENR) micromass culture, whole embryo culture (WEC, rodent or rabbit), and mouse embryonic stem cells (EST). Recently, there has been significant interest within the pharmaceutical industry in the use of zebrafish for developmental toxicity testing,30 but because this aspect is in its infancy, there is little that has been publicly disclosed except limited abstracts and slide decks at several workshops.31 Although reviewed in considerable detail elsewhere,30-32 36 each test will be briefly compared and contrasted here. 

Figure 9-5 The sensitivity of the conceptus to a theoretical teratogen during rat gestation (modified from 161). The most susceptible window is organogenesis with low levels of vulnerability at the time of implantation and the period of functional maturation. Superimposed are the approximations of when the developmental landmarks that are represented in the four in vitro tests occur. The chick embryo neural retina model (CENR) represents events around GD 10-13. The mouse embryonic stem cell test (EST) corresponds roughly to the period of GD 6-10 in the rat, near the peak of sensitivity. Whole embryo culture (WEC) recapitulates the window at the peak of sensitivity, between GD 9-11 or GD 10-12 depending upon the window within which the culture is conducted. Rabbit cultures are also done between GD 10-12. Represented by the single ( ) and double asterisk ( ), respectively, are the initiation and termination of the dosing period in regulatory compliant preclinical embryo/fetal toxicity studies. Thus, the zebrafish is the only model that permits exposure to test article during this important period.

DeLouis, C., Bonnerot, C., Vernet, M., Nicolas, J.F. (1992). Expression of microinjected DNA and RNA in early rabbit embryos Changes in the permissiveness for expression and transcriptional selectivity. Exp. Cell Res. 207 284-291. 

MBOCA induced gene mutations at the thymidine kinase (TK) locus in mouse lymphoma cells (Caspary et al. 1988 Myhr and Caspary 1988). Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was induced in HeLa cells (Martin and Mcdermid 1981), in rat primary hepatocytes at >10 pmol (McQueen et al. 1981 Mori et al. 1988 Williams et al. 1982), and in hamster (McQueen et al. 1981) and rabbit (McQueen and Wiliams 1987) hepatocytes. The concentration that tested positive in the mouse was 50 jmol (McQueen et al. 1981). Sensitivity to MBOCA showed species-specific variations rat > mouse > hamster > rabbit (McQueen et al. 1981, 1983). Because hepatocytes have their own metabolic activation systems, no exogenous metabolic activation is needed. In assays using attachment independence as an end point, MBOCA, at concentrations near the LC o, transformed baby hamster kidney (Daniel and Dehnel 1981 Styles 1981), rat embryo (Dunkel et al. 1981 Traul et al. 1981), and Balb/3T3 cells (Dunkel et al. 1981). Transformation assays have not been evaluated... 

Poly(A)-rich mRNA prepared from rabbit pancreas directed the synthesis of a protein (mol. wt. 5.65 X 10 ), which, using a cell-free protein synthesizing system derived from wheat embryo, appeared to represent the product of o-amylase mRNA cell-free translation.This protein, which was 1500 daltons larger than the purified rabbit pancreas a-amylase, was resolved by isoelectric focusing into discrete species similar to those observed for purified a-amylase. The protein, which on peptide analysis demonstrated considerable identity with the a-amylase, was selectively precipitated by glycogen, but with a much lower recovery than that observed for rabbit on porcine pancreatic a-amylases. 

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