Drosophila embryos

Broadie, K. Bate, M. (1993). Innervation directs receptor synthesis and localization in Drosophila embryo synaptogenesis. Nature 361,350-353. 

Mazur, P., Schneider, U., Mahowald, A.P. (1992a). Characteristics and kinetics of subzero chilling injury in Drosophila embryos. Cryobiol. 29. 39-68. 

Evidence for the involvement of a Cdc2/Cyc B complex in the mitotic stages of germ cell development comes from studies in Drosophila. Cyc B transcripts are abundant and uniformly distributed in the early Drosophila embryo (Whitfield et al., 1989, 1990 Lehner and O Farrell, 1990b). Maternally derived Cyc B transcripts are also concentrated at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Later, during embryogenesis, Cyc B tran-... 

Edgar, B. A., and O Farrell, P. H. (1989). Genetic control of cell division patterns in the Drosophila embryo. Cell 57 117-187. 

Raff, J. W Whitfield, W. G. F, and Glover, D. M. (1990). Two distinct mechanisms localise cyclin B transcripts in syncitial Drosophila embryos. Development 110 1249-1261. 

Malicki, J., Cianetti, L. C., Peschle, C., and McGinnis, W. (1992). A human HOX4B regulatory element provides head-specific expression in Drosophila embryos. Nature 358 345-347. 

McGinnis, N., Kuziora, M. A., and McGinnis, W. (1990). Human Hox-4.2 and Drosophila Deformed encode similar regulatory specificities in Drosophila embryos and larvae. Cell 63 969-976. 

Arora K, Niisslein-Volhard C 1992 Altered mitotic domains reveal fate map changes in Drosophila embryos mutant for zygotic dorsoventral patterning genes. Development 114 1003-1024... 

Foe VE 1989 Mitotic domains reveal early commitment of cells in Drosophila embryos. Development 107 1—22... 

FIG. 3. Stopping the cell division cycles. In Drosophila embryos, the timely arrest of cell proliferation in the epidermis requires the transcriptional activation of dacapo (Lane et al 1996, de Nooij et al 1996) and fi y-related (Sigrist Lehner 1997) which occurs during the final division cycle in parallel to down-regulation of cyclin E expression. 

Tio M, Zavortink M, Yang X, Chia W 1999 A functional analyses of inscuteable and its roles during Drosophila asymmetric cell divisions. J Cell Sci 112 1541—1551 Uemura T, Shepherd S, Ackerman L, Jan LY, Jan YN 1989 numb, a gene required in determination of cell fate during sensory organ formation in Drosophila embryos. Cell 58 349-360... 

Eehner The spindle checkpoint works well and the DNA replication checkpoint is compromised but present in early Drosophila embryos. In addition, Sullivan has proposed that there is a back-up checkpoint mechanism during the syncytial stages (Fogarty et al 1997). If nuclei continue to go through the cell cycle in the presence of unreplicated DNA, they get disposed. The nuclei lose the connection with the centrosome, they fall into the interior of the egg and fail to become cellularized. 

Kellogg, D.R., Michison, T.J., and Alberts, B.M. (1988) Behavior of microtubules and actin filaments in living Drosophila embryos. Development (Cambridge, UK) 103, 675. 

Figure 3. The stability of the nucleosome is affected by the length and the superhelicity of DNA. (a-b) The chromatin fibers were reconstituted from the purified plasmids and the histone octamers by a salt-dialysis method and observed under AFM. The 3 kb (a) or 106 kb (e) supercoiled circular plasmid was used as a template, (c) Relationship between the plasmid length and the frequency of nucleosome formation in the reconstitution process. The nucleosome frequency is represented as the number of base pairs per nucleosome and plotted against the length of the template DNA in supercoiled (filled circle) and linear (open circle) forms, (d) AFM image of the chromatin fiber reconstituted on the topoisomerase 1-treated plasmid, (e) Chromatin fiber reconstituted with Drosophila embryo extract. The chromatin fiber was reconstituted from plasmid DNA of 10kband the embryo extract of Drosophila, and was observed by AFM...

Becker PB, Wu C (1992) Cell-free system for assembly of transcriptionally repressed chromatin from Drosophila embryos. Mol Cell Biol 12 2241-2249... 

Snpatto, W., Debarre, D., Moulia, B., Bronzes, E., Martin, J. L., Farge, E., and Beaurepaire, E. 2005. In vivo modulation of morphogenetic movements in Drosophila embryos with femtosecond laser pulses. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102 1047-52. 

St Johnston, D., and Nusslein-Volhard, C. (1992) The origin of pattern and polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Cell 68 201—219. 

Driever, W. and Nusslein-Volhard, C. The bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in the early Drosophila embryo (1989) Nature 337,138-143... 

Based only on the definition of maternal-effect genes, segmentation genes, and homeotic genes, which do you predict act earliest in development of the Drosophila embryo, and which act latest ... 

Driever, W. Nusslein-Volhard, C. (1988). A gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos. Cell 54, 83-93. 

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