In vitro bioassay

No rodent bioassay In vitro Neumega did not stimulate growth of tumor colony-forming cells harvested from patients with a variety of malignancies... 

Santa Maria A, Lopez A, Diaz MM, Alban J, Galan de Mera A, Vincente Orlenna JA, Pozuelo JM. Evaluation of the toxicity of Uncaria tomentosa by bioassays in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 1997 57 183— 7. 

Bioassay. Although the chemical assays described above have replaced bioassays for the determination of T and T, several m vivo and in vitro bioassays are used to determine the potency of thyroglobulin preparations and to estabUsh the thyromimetic or antithyroid potency of new compounds. 

Animal and Human Toxicity. The acute toxicity of lindane depends on the age, sex, and animal species, and on the route of adrninistration. The oral LD q in mice, rats, and guinea pigs is 86, 125—230, and 100—127 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, most of the other isomers were considerably more toxic (94,95). Some of the other toxic responses caused by lindane in laboratory animals include hepato- and nephotoxicity, reproductive and embryotoxicity, mutagenicity in some short-term in vitro bioassays, and carcinogenicity (80). The mechanism of the lindane-induced response is not known. Only minimal data are available on the mammalian toxicides of hexachlorocyclopentadiene. 

Zacharewski, T. (1997). In vitro bioassays for assessing estrogenic substances. Environmental Science and Technology 31, 613-623. 

Developmental effects of trichloroethylene exposure have been demonstrated with the FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus) bioassay, an in vitro method using whole frog embryos (Fort et al. 1991, 1993 Rayburn et al. 1991). Observed defects included gut miscoding, skeletal kinking, and heart malformations heart malformations have also been observed in rat developmental assays (Dawson et al. 1993). 

MARKiEWicz L, GAREY J, ADLERCREUTZ H and GURPiDE E (1993) "In vitro bioassays of nonsteroidal phytoestrogens. J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol 45, 399-405. 

Bioassay for "killing" ability (in vivo and in vitro against bacteria) of peritonial macrophages after treatment with polysaccharide fractions. 

The results presented and discussed above show some of the difficulties inherent in the bioassay portions of allelopathy studies. It is relatively simple to extract inhibitory metabolic products from suspected allelopathic plants and even to demonstrate in vitro... 

Pienta RJ, Poiley JA, Lebherz WB III. 1977. Morphological transformation of early-passage golden Syrian hamster embryo cells derived from cryopreserved primary cultures as a reliable in vitro bioassay for identifying diverse carcinogens. Int J Cancer 19 642-655. 

Bioassays and in vitro human models can be used to characterize the toxicity of leachate integrating the biological effects of all its constituents, in contrast to chemical analyses ... 

CTAs are possible in vitro alternatives to the standard approach for the assessment of carcinogenicity (the 2-year bioassay in rodents), which have been shown to be a multistage process able to model the most important stages of in vivo carcinogenesis [50]. CTAs are faster and more economic than in vivo assay and they could be a valid and useful screening tool for chemicals. 

Hoeprich and Huston [117] assessed the stability of miconazole and three other antifungal agents under conditions encountered in bioassay and susceptibility testing in vitro. Although the amphotericins were labile as compared with other drugs, tests should be reliable with all four drugs in view of the rapid action of the polyenes and the relatively slow action of miconazole and 5-fluorocytosines. 

Bioassays of a considerable number of drugs embodying a combination of porphyrin and cis-platin moieties in the same molecule have led to compound (43) in vitro and in vivo studies on this compound showed a phototoxicity which was additive to the cytotoxic effect of the platinum moiety.190-193... 

Experiment The isolation and identification of bioactive molecules is a major goal of chemical ecology and can be achieved by guided bioassays on suitable sensitive systems. Here a bioassay based on the growth and morphogenesis of protonemal system of bryophytes grown in vitro is described to test potential allelochemicals from lichen Cladonia foliacea. 

Spore germination and protonemal growth and morphogenesis are therefore, useful systems to test in vitro, with good reproducibility, potential allelochemicals both through direct co-existence test in vitro or using the described bioassays to monitor/guide isolation, purification, characterization of chemical structure of bioactive compounds. 

---