Embryo cells, culture

Measles Chick embryo cell cultures infected with attenuated measles virus 1 Clarification 2 Freeze-drying Infectivity titration in cell cultures Tests to exclude presence of extraneous viruses... 

Several attenuated strains have been developed for use in vaccine preparations. The most commonly used is the Jeryl Linn strain, which is propagated in chick embryo cell culture. This vaccine has been administered to well over 50 million people worldwide and, typically, results in seroconversion rates of over 97 per cent. The Sabin (oral poliomyelitis) vaccine consists of an aqueous suspension of poliomyelitis virus, usually grown in cultures of monkey kidney tissue. It contains approximately 1 million particles of poliomyelitis strains 1,2 or 3 or a combination of all three strains. 

LeBoeuf, R.A., and Kerckaert, G., Enhanced morphological transformation of early passage Syrian hamster embryo cells cultured in medium with a reduced bicarbonate concentration and pH, Carcinogenesis, 8, 680, 1987. 

No morphologically transformed colonies were observed in Syrian hamster embryo cell cultures, either after treatment in vitro or after exposure of the dams to dimethylformamide (3 mL/kg bw) by intraperitoneal injection. 

Pretazettine (395) has been the subject of numerous biological studies, and it has been shown to exhibit a number of interesting activities (96,97,101,178-187). For example, 395 was found to inhibit HeLa cell growth as well as protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by interfering with the peptide bond formation step (97,101). Furthermore, pretazettine inhibited the purified RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) from avian myeloblastosis virus, a typical C-type virus (178), in an unusual fashion since it physically combined with the polymerase enzyme itself rather than interacted with the nucleic acid template. Pretazettine also exhibited antiviral activity against the Rauscher leukemia virus in mouse embryo cell cultures by suppressing viral replication (179). 

Genes Cyt. Whole adult testis head embryo Cell culture M/F expression... 

LeBoeuf RA, Kerckaert GA, Aardema MJ, Poiley JA, Raineri R (1990) Enhanced morphological and neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells cultured at pH 6.70. Prog Clin Biol Res 340D 219-228... 

No cell transformation was detected. This lack of effect may be due to the short period of exposure. However, 1,1-dichloroethane increased the frequency of transformation induced by SA-7 virus in Syrian hamster embryo cells (Hatch et al. 1983). Embryo cell cultures were exposed in a sealed treatment chamber to volatilized 1,1- dichloroethane for 20 hours and then treated with SA7 virus for 3 hours. 1,1-Dichloroethane treatment significantly increased the viral transformation frequency in cells in a dose-dependent manner. The highest concentration (1,000 jg/mL) was cytotoxic. These results reflect the capacity of 1,1-dichloroethane to interact with cellular DNA in hamster embryo cells. 

Chae, Y H., Ho, D. K., Cassady, J. J., Cook, V M., Marcus, C. B., and Baird, W. M. (1992). Effects of Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Flavonoids on Metabolic Activation of Benzo[fl]pyrene in Hamster Embryo Cell Cultures, Chem. Biol. Interact., 82 181-193. 

Bunyak, E.B. Hilleman, M.R. Weiber, R.E. Stokes, J., Jr. Live attenuated rubella virus vaccines prepared in duck embryo cell culture. I. Development and clinical testing. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1968, 204, 195-200. 

To find whether the reduced foci formation was due to inhibition of MSV (M) replication, the effect of these compounds on virus growth was studied. Secondary mouse embryo cell cultures were infected with MSV (M) at the rate of 0.03 competent MSV infectious units per cell and treated with the compounds at different doses after the infection by the focus assay in the presence of an optimal amount of MLV (M) (1.01 10s Leukemia Vims Helper Units) according to Hirschman etal.33 Similarly treated uninfected cultures were trypsinized at the same time, and cells were counted. 

Fig. 10. Growth curve of MSV(M) in secondary mouse embryo cell cultures, untreated or treated with distamycin/5. The titers represent the total virus [yield at each day, determined with added excess helper virus]. Each day the cells were harvested in the supernatant and samples of this suspension were used for titration of MSV(M). Chandra efa/.27l...

Collodi, P., Y. Kamei, A. Sharps, D. Weber and D. Barnes. Fish embryo cell cultures for derivation of stem cells and transgenic chimeras. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 1 257-265, 1992. 

Ma, C., L. Fan, R. Ganassin, N. Bols and P. Collodi. Production of zebrafish germ-line chimeras from embryo cell cultures. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98 2461-2466, 2001. 

Chae YH, Ho DK, Cassady JM, et al. 1992. Effects of synthetic and naturally occurring flavonoids on metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene in hamster embryo cell cultures. Chem Biol Interact (Ireland) 82(2) 181-193. 

SmolarekTA, Baird WM. 1984. Benzo[e]pyrene-induced alterations in the binding of benzo[a]pyrene to DNA in hamster embryo cell cultures. Carcinogenesis 5(8) 1065-1069. 

Smolarek TA, Moynihan C, Salmon CP, et al. 1986. Benz(a)anthracene-induced alterations in the metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene by hamster embryo cell cultures. Cancer Lett 30 243-249. 

Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV), rabies vaccine adsorbed (RVA), and purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine (PCEC) are killed vaccines used for preexposure and postexposure rabies virus prophylaxis. Transmission of rabies can occur via percutaneous, per-mucosal, or airborne exposure to the rabies virus. Circumstances favoring such transmission include animal bites or attacks and contamination of scratches, cuts, abrasions, or mucous membranes with saliva or other infectious material (brain tissue). Unprovoked attacks and daytime attacks by nocturnal animals are considered highly suspect. Common wild animal transmitters include skunks, coyotes, foxes, and raccoons. Almost 60% of human rabies deaths in the United States since 1980 were associated with bat contact. Canine rabies is very common in many foreign countries (most of Asia, Africa, and Latin America). Rodents, rabbits, and hares are infected rarely. There have been a few reports of a person-to-person transmission. ... 

PCEC purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine... 

Mondal, S., Brankov, D. W., and Heidelberger, C., Enhancement of oncogenesis in C3H/10T 1/2 mouse embryo cell cultures by saccharin. Science 201 1141-1143... 

C. 1978. Enhancement of Oncogenesis in C3H/10T /2 mouse embryo cell cultures by... 

Maire LF III, McKinney RW, Cole FE Jr. An inactivated eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine propagated in chick-embryo cell culture, I Production and testing. Am J TropMed Hyg. 1970 19(1) 119 122. 

Bischoff JR, Samuel CE (1985) Mechanism of interferon action. The interferon-induced phosphoprotein PI possesses a double-stranded RNA-dependent ATP-binding site. J Biol Chem 260 8237-8239 Bolovan CA, Sawtell NM, Thompson RL (1994) ICP34.5 mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 17syn+ are attenuated for neurovirulence in mice and for replication in confluent primary mouse embryo cell cultures. J Virol 68 48-55... 

Secondary cultures of hamster embryo cells metabolized 90% of the added DMBA in 48 hours. The major organic-soluble metabolite was the 8,9-dihydrodiol (19, 147). Hydroxymethyl derivatives were only minor metabolites. Glucuronides of DMBA phenols were also major metabolites. The results of this study suggest that there may be important differences between microsomal and whole cell metabolism of DMBA (19). Such differences were also evident when the products of binding of DMBA to DNA in mouse embryo cell cultures and mouse skin or catalyzed by Aroclor induced rat liver microsomes were compared. The major adducts observed in mouse skin or mouse embryo cell cultures resulted from metabolism in the 1-4 ring, presumably through the 3,4-dihydrodiol-1,2-epoxide, whereas the main adduct formed in the microsomal system resulted from reaction with the 4,5-epoxide of DMBA (35). 

Church, K. 1967. Pattern of DNA replication in binucleate cells occurring in mouse embryo cell cultures. Exp. Cell Res., 46 639-641. 

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