Transformation assay

C3T3 mouse cells (BALE cell transformation assay) Cell transformation No data (+) Tuetal. 1985... 

The second example focuses on qualitative evaluation of cancerogenic potential of some perfluorinated compounds using both QSARs models and an in vitro cell transformation assay. 

Fig. 5 BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay example of focus induced in BALB/c 3T3 clone A31-1-1 after exposure to a carcinogenic compound. Cells are stained with Giemsa stain...

Cytotoxicity assay to evaluate the PFCs toxicity and to select the concentrations for the transformation assay... 

Fig. 6 BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay Colony formation assay...

Fig. 9 BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay transformation frequency of PFOA and PFNA. Red bar is the control group (untreated cells)...

Landolph JR (1985) Chemical transformation of C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 mouse embryo cells historical background, assessment of the transformation assay and evaluation and optimization of the transformation assay protocol. In IARC Scientific Publication No 67, pp 185-198... 

ECVAM (2010) Balb/c 3T33 Cell Transformation Assay - Prevalidation Study Report... 

Schechtman LM (1985) BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation protocols, problems and improvements. In Kakunaga T, Yamasaki H (eds) Transformation assay of established cell lines mechanisms and application. IARC Scientific Publications 67, Lyon, pp 165-181... 

Vanparys P, Schechtman L, Aardema M, Hayashi M, Hoffmann S, Gribaldo L, Corvi R (2010) Balb/c 3T3 Cell Transformation Assay - Prevalidation Study Report. ECVAM Balb/c 3T3 CTA PRP report vl - 30 July 2010... 

Sanner T, Rivedal E. 1985. Tests with the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay. In Ashby J, de Serres FJ, et al., eds. Progress in mutation research. Vol. 5. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers, 665-671. Sato M, Ishizu S, Momotuni H. 1975. [Determination of acrylonitrile, cyanide and thiocyanate in blood and urine.] Jap J Ind Health 17 99-105. (Japanese). 

Water-soluble nickel salts enter the cells with relative ease but are less effective than crystalline particulates in the cell transformation assay, when using hamster cells [429, 430]. However, an enhancement of viral transformation of cells has been found [431, 432], In addition, a synergistic effect of cigarette smoke extracts, benzo[a]pyrene and nickel sulphate on the morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells has also been obtained [433], It was suggested that nickel salts are more potent as promoters than they are as initiators [434],... 

Transformation Assays of Established Cell Lines Mechanisms and Application. (Kakunaga, T. and Yamasaki, H., Eds). Proceedings of a Workshop Organized by IARC in Collaboration with the U.S. National Cancer Institute and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Lyon 15-17 Feb. 1984. IARC Scientific Publication No. 67. 

The SHE cell transformation assay at pH 6.7 is conducted to determine the ability of a test article to induce morphological transformation in cultured SHE cells. The SHE cell transformation assay is one of the most widely used cell transformation assays. The endpoints of this assay are related to the conversion of normal cells into preneoplastic or neoplastic cells. The assay provides a valuable tool in the process of assessment and evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of a test article.2 28... 

Engelhardt, G., Schwind, K.-R., and Mulller, B., The testing of chemicals in the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay for assessment of carcinogenic potential, Toxicology In Vitro, 8, 213, 2004. 

Dichlorophenol with or without metabolic activation did not induce an increase in mutagenic response in the Chinese hamster ovary HGPRT forward mutation assay (Litton Bionetics 1986a). This compound was also inactive in the Balb/3T3 in vitro transformation assay (Litton Bionetics 1985). 

Custer L, Gibson DP, Aardema MJ, Le Boeuf RA. A refined protocol for conducting the low pH 6.7 Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay. Mutat Res 2000 455 129-39. 

Farmer P Committee on Mutagenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment ILSl/HESl research programme on alternative cancer models results of Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation assay. International Life Sciences Institute/Health and Environmental Science Institute. Toxicol Pathol 2002 30 536-8. 

Titton Bionetics. 1980a. Sister chromatid exchange assay, Ames assay, mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay, and transformation assay for a sample containing 33-1/3% each ortho-, meta-, and para-cresol. Unpublished data submitted to EPA/OTS. Fiche no. OTS0517528. 

Young What is the status of transformation assays to test for function by complementation ... 

In most instances the specimens will be self-evident (e.g., samples of blood, plasma, serum, urine, spinal fluid, aqueous humor, organs, tissues, and tissue fractions that are taken from a test system with the intention of performing an examination or analysis). In other instances the definition may not be as clear. For example, the assay plates used in the mammalian cell transformation assay and the mammalian point mutation assay are considered specimens even though they bear many of the attributes of a test system. For these assays, the originally plated cells plus media and excipients are the test system. After treatment with the test or... 

RLV/Fischer rat assay without the addition of an exogenous metabolic activation system. In a single study, mouse JB6 epidermal cells were transformed by di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate without activation and in one of two studies a weak response was reported in the CSHIOT A cell transformation assay with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in either the absence or presence of exogenous metabolic activation. BALB/c-3T3 cells were not transformed by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with or without metabolic activation. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibited gap-junctional intercellular communication in Chinese hamster V79 cells in six of seven studies, but not in one study of liver cells of cynomolgus monkeys in vivo. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells in a two-stage exposure with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate resulted in superinduction of ornithine decarboxylase, an early event in morphological transformation no effect was seen after a one-stage treatment with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate alone. 

Sanchez, J.H., Abemethy, D.J. Boreiko, C.J. (1987) Lack of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate activity in the C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation system. Toxicol. In Vitro, 1, 49-53 Sarmer, T. Rivedal, E. (1985) Tests with the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay. Prog. Mu tat. Res., 5, 665-671 Sasakawa, S. Mitomi, Y. (1978) Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) content of blood or blood components stored in plastic bags. Vox Sang., 34, 81-86 Saxena, D.K., Srivastava, S.P, Chandra, S.V. Seth, P.K. (1985) Testicrrlar effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) histochemical and histopathological alteratiorrs. Ind. Health, 23, 191-198... 

Gibson, D.R, Brauninger, R., Shaffi, H.S., Kerckaert, GA., LeBoeuf, R.A., Isfort, R.J. Aardema, M.J. (1997) Induction of micronuclei in Syrian hamster embryo cells comparison to results in the SHE cell transformation assay for National Toxicology Program test chemicals. Mutat. Res., 392, 61-70... 

Kerckaert, G.A., LeBoeuf, R.A. Isfort, R.J. (1998) Assessing the predictiveness of the Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation assay for determining the rodent carcinogenic potential of single ring aromatic/nitroaromatic amine compounds. Toxicol. Sci., 41, 189-197... 

Sanner, T. Rivedal, E. (1985) Tests with the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay. In Ashby, J., de Serres, F.J., Draper, M., Ishidate, M., Jr, Margolin, B.H., Matter, B.E. Shelby, M.D., eds, Progress in Mutation Research, blume 5, Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Programme on Chemical Safety s Collaborative Study on in vitro assays, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, pp. 665-671 Savela, A., Vuorela, R. Kauppinen, T. (1999) ASA 1997 [Reviews 140], Helsinki, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, pp. 47-48 (in Finnish)... 

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