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Anticholinergic

Despite their structural similarity, atropine ( hyoscyamine) and homatropine cannot be assayed in the same way as hyoscine (6,7-epoxyatropine) as the former compounds are very strongly retained on unmodified silica. Reversed-phase methods usually suffer from analyte peak tailing and, although some success with base deactivated columns has been achieved, it has not proved possible to develop [Pg.120]


The modern usage of P2" go Asts for the treatment of asthma dates to 1903 when the effect of injected epinephrine [51-43-4] (adrenaline) C2H23NO2, (1 R = CH3) was investigated (see Epinephrine and norepinephrine) (33). As in some other modem treatments, eg, xanthines and anticholinergics, the roots of P2" go Ast therapy for asthma can be found in historical records which document the use of herbal extracts containing ephedrine [299-42-3] C qH NO, (2) as bronchodilators. Epinephrine and ephedrine are stmcturaHy related to the catecholamine norepinephrine [51-41-2] CgH NO, (1, R = H), a neurotransmitter of the adrenergic nervous system (see Neuroregulators). [Pg.438]

At this writing anticholinergic agents are not widely used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma, although compounds such as atropine [51 -55-8] C17H23NO3, (18) have been used for centuries (111). Inhalation of the smoke produced by burning herbal mixtures, such as Datura Stramonium provided bronchodilation and rehef from some of the symptoms of asthma. The major active component in these preparations was atropine or other closely related alkaloids (qv). [Pg.442]

Two newer potent selective H -antagonists, terfenadine (23) (132) and astemizole (24) (133), have been developed which have neither the sedative nor the anticholinergic Habilities of the earlier agents. Both of these compounds have proven efficacious in the treatment of hay fever and produce very few side effects, prompting a re-evaluation of the role of antihistamines in asthma treatment. [Pg.444]

Venlafaxine (48) is a stmcturaHy novel phenylethylamine derivative that strongly inhibits both noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake. It lacks anticholinergic, antihistaminergic, and antiadrenergic side effects. As compared to placebo, most common adverse events are nausea, somnolence, dizziness, dry mouth, and sweating. Venlafaxine-treated patients also experienced more headaches and nausea, but less dry mouth, dizziness, and tremor than patients treated with comparator antidepressants. [Pg.232]

SSRIs are widely used for treatment of depression, as well as, for example, panic disorders and obsessive—compulsive disorder. These dmgs are well recognized as clinically effective antidepressants having an improved side-effect profile as compared to the TCAs and irreversible MAO inhibitors. Indeed, these dmgs lack the anticholinergic, cardiovascular, and sedative effects characteristic of TCAs. Their main adverse effects include nervousness /anxiety, nausea, diarrhea or constipation, insomnia, tremor, dizziness, headache, and sexual dysfunction. The most commonly prescribed SSRIs for depression are fluoxetine (31), fluvoxamine (32), sertraline (52), citalopram (53), and paroxetine (54). SSRIs together represent about one-fifth of total worldwide antidepressant unit sales. [Pg.232]

Agent or class CNS effects Orthostatic hypotension Arrhythmias Anticholinergic effects Weight change... [Pg.468]

The Class I agents decrease excitability, slow conduction velocity, inhibit diastoHc depolarization (decrease automaticity), and prolong the refractory period of cardiac tissues (1,2). These agents have anticholinergic effects that may contribute to the observed electrophysiologic effects. Heart rates may become faster by increasing phase 4 diastoHc depolarization in SA and AV nodal cells. This results from inhibition of the action of vagaHy released acetylcholine [S1-84-3] which, allows sympathetically released norepinephrine [51-41-2] (NE) to act on these stmctures (1,2). [Pg.112]

The Class I agents have many similar side effects and toxicities. The anticholinergic side effects include dry mouth, constipation, and urinary hesitancy and retention. Common gastrointestinal (GI) side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Cardiovascular adverse effects are hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and myocardial depression, especially in patients with congestive heart failure. Common central nervous system (CNS) side effects are headache, dizziness, mental confusion, hallucinations, CNS stimulation, paraesthesias, and convulsions. [Pg.112]

Research for an antidepressant among non-tricyclic compounds with pharmacological effects qualitatively different from those of the conventional tricyclic compounds led to the preparation and testing of a series of indazole derivatives for reserpine-like activity in mice. l-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-l//-indazole (FS-32 692) antagonizes reserpine-induced effects and potentiates amphetamine-induced self-stimulation and l-Dopa-induced increase in motor activity. FS-32 produces an anticholinergic action mainly on the central nervous System, while the action of imipramine occurs centrally as well as peripherally (79AF511). [Pg.293]

A special feature of the iris is its autonomic innervation. Sympathetic activation widens the aperture of the iris whereas impulses from the parasympa thetic nervous system decrease the aperture size. Therefore adrenergic agonists and anticholinergic compounds both increase the aperture of the iris, i.e., cause mydriasis, and antiadrenergic and cholinergic agonists decrease it, i.e., cause miosis. The iris can thus be considered an excellent mirror reflecting the balance of the autonomic nervous system in the body. " ... [Pg.293]

A great many organic quaternary bases can inhibit the action of acetyl choline in organ systems activated by that neurotransmitter and thus possess anticholinergic-antispasmodic activity. One such agent is methantheline bromide (4), used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and as an antispasmodic agent in intestinal disorders. Its synthesis Involves Friedel-Crafts cyclization of o-... [Pg.393]

Anticholinergic. A drug that blocks the effects of the neuro-transmitter, acetylcholine. [Pg.449]

The very slow onset of action and side effects which follow from the anticholinergic side effects characteristic of the tricyclic antidepressants has led to a continuing effort to find replacements from other structural classes which might thus be devoid of this defect. A series of alkoxy phenylpropylamines has been investigated extensively in this search for non-tricyclic antidepressants. The most recent analogue, tomoxetine (69), is accessible by the same route [15] used to prepare the earlier analogue, nisoxetine, in which methoxyl replaces the ortho methyl group. [Pg.30]

Therapeutic Function Antiinflammatory anticholinergic antidepressant Chemical Name N-(2-Phenyl-2-isoamyloxy)-ethylpyrrolidine hydrochloride... [Pg.74]


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Alkaloids anticholinergic property

Allergic rhinitis anticholinergics

Animal studies anticholinergic drugs

Antibiotics Anticholinergics

Anticholinergic Plants and Synthetic Agents

Anticholinergic activity

Anticholinergic activity antidepressants

Anticholinergic activity antipsychotic agents

Anticholinergic agent interaction

Anticholinergic agent uricosuric effect

Anticholinergic agents

Anticholinergic agents Muscarinic receptor

Anticholinergic agents allergic reactions

Anticholinergic agents intoxication

Anticholinergic agents therapy

Anticholinergic behavioural actions

Anticholinergic bronchodilators

Anticholinergic drugs

Anticholinergic drugs Parkinson disease

Anticholinergic drugs Stimulant effects

Anticholinergic drugs agitation

Anticholinergic drugs anticonvulsant activity

Anticholinergic drugs anxiety

Anticholinergic drugs cardiovascular risks

Anticholinergic drugs clinical applications

Anticholinergic drugs delirium

Anticholinergic drugs gastric ulcers

Anticholinergic drugs hallucinations

Anticholinergic drugs heart failure

Anticholinergic drugs insomnia

Anticholinergic drugs ipratropium bromide

Anticholinergic drugs nausea

Anticholinergic drugs psychotomimetic effects

Anticholinergic drugs sedation

Anticholinergic drugs side effects

Anticholinergic drugs sleep

Anticholinergic drugs stroke

Anticholinergic drugs tardive dyskinesia

Anticholinergic drugs trihexyphenidyl

Anticholinergic drugs urinary tract

Anticholinergic drugs, confusion

Anticholinergic drugs, preparation

Anticholinergic drugs, psychotomimetic

Anticholinergic effect viloxazine

Anticholinergic effects

Anticholinergic effects antipsychotics

Anticholinergic effects clozapine

Anticholinergic effects memory impairment

Anticholinergic effects mirtazapine

Anticholinergic effects olanzapine

Anticholinergic effects, antidepressant drugs

Anticholinergic hallucinogens

Anticholinergic medications

Anticholinergic mydriatics

Anticholinergic plants

Anticholinergic poisoning

Anticholinergic property

Anticholinergic side-effects

Anticholinergic symptom

Anticholinergic syndrome

Anticholinergic toxicity

Anticholinergics acetylcholine

Anticholinergics action

Anticholinergics adverse effects

Anticholinergics antiarrhythmic activity

Anticholinergics antidotes

Anticholinergics antihistamines and

Anticholinergics antiparkinsonian

Anticholinergics antispasmodic activity

Anticholinergics anxiety with

Anticholinergics asthma

Anticholinergics benztropine

Anticholinergics bronchoconstriction inhibition

Anticholinergics constipation with

Anticholinergics disease

Anticholinergics drug interactions

Anticholinergics drug reaction

Anticholinergics erectile dysfunction with

Anticholinergics gastrointestinal effects

Anticholinergics glaucoma with

Anticholinergics hypnotic

Anticholinergics intranasal

Anticholinergics irritable bowel syndrome

Anticholinergics nocturnal enuresis

Anticholinergics older people

Anticholinergics post-exposure

Anticholinergics prophylaxis

Anticholinergics receptor-subtype-selective

Anticholinergics relative activities

Anticholinergics scopolamine

Anticholinergics solanaceous alkaloids

Anticholinergics structure-activity relationships

Anticholinergics synthetic

Anticholinergics tardive dyskinesia

Anticholinergics tolterodine

Anticholinergics toxidromes

Anticholinergics tricyclic benzodiazepines

Anticholinergics urinary incontinence with

Anticholinergics vomiting

Anticholinergics, specific agents

Anticonvulsants anticholinergic drugs

Antiemetics anticholinergics

Antimuscarinic (Anticholinergic) Agents

Antimuscarinics (anticholinergics

Antiparkinsonian drugs anticholinergic

Antiparkinsonism-anticholinergic drugs

Antiparkinsonism-anticholinergic medication

Antipsychotic agents anticholinergic effects

Antipsychotic drugs anticholinergic effects

Antispasmodics anticholinergics

Asthma anticholinergic agents

Asthma anticholinergic drugs

Atropine Anticholinergics

Atropine and Other Anticholinergic Drugs

Atropine anticholinergic mydriasis caused

Atropine like anticholinergic compounds

Atropine relative anticholinergic activity

Benzodiazepine anticholinergics

Biperiden, anticholinergic drug

Cardiovascular anticholinergic drugs

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease anticholinergics

Clozapine Anticholinergics

Codeine Anticholinergics

Confusion from anticholinergic drugs

Cyclopentolate anticholinergic

Cycloplegics anticholinergics

Datura stramonium anticholinergic effects

Delirium anticholinergic-induced

Diarrhea anticholinergics

Dicyclomine anticholinergic

Digoxin Anticholinergics

Donepezil Anticholinergics

Drug molecules, anticholinergics

Drugs with Anticholinergic Effects

Effects of cholinergic and anticholinergic

Fever anticholinergics

Gastrointestinal system anticholinergics

Glaucoma anticholinergics

Glycopyrrolate anticholinergic

Hallucination anticholinergics

Haloperidol anticholinergic activity

Histamine receptor antagonists) anticholinergic effects

Hyoscyamine anticholinergic agent

Long-acting anticholinergic

Meperidine anticholinergic effect

Nausea antihistamine-anticholinergic drugs

Nervous system anticholinergic effects

Nervous system drugs anticholinergics

Phenothiazines Anticholinergics

Pirenzepine anticholinergic

Procyclidine anticholinergic

Propantheline anticholinergic

Psychoses from anticholinergic drugs

Ranitidine Anticholinergics

Respiratory drugs anticholinergics

Serum anticholinergic activity

Short-acting anticholinergic

Side Effects of Anticholinergic Drugs

Soft anticholinergics

Tacrine Anticholinergics

The anticholinergic effect of imipramine has been used successfully in managing enuresis

The peripheral nervous system—cholinergics, anticholinergics, and anticholinesterases

Thioridazine anticholinergic activity

Treatment of anticholinergic intoxication

Tremors anticholinergic drugs

Tricyclic antidepressants anticholinergic activity

Tricyclic antidepressants anticholinergic effects

Tropicamide anticholinergic

Ulcer therapy anticholinergic drugs

Urinary incontinence anticholinergics

Vomiting anticholinergic drugs

Vomiting antihistamine-anticholinergic drugs

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