Motor activity

Biological Activities and Analogues. Somatostatin exerts some neurotropic actions, eg, as a tranquilizer and as a spontaneous motor activity depressor. It also lengthens barbiturate anesthesia time and induces sedation and hypothermia. These actions are consistent with the strong association between somatostatin and GABA in the primate cerebral cortex, 90—95% of somatostatin-positive ceHs also contain GABA (100). 

Dopamine. Dopamine (DA) (2) is an intermediate in the synthesis of NE and Epi from tyrosine. DA is localized to the basal ganglia of the brain and is involved in the regulation of motor activity and pituitary hormone release. The actions of DA are terminated by conversion to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by monoamine oxidase-A and -B (MAO-A and -B) in the neuron following reuptake, or conversion to homovanillic acid (HVA) through the sequential actions of catechol-0-methyl transferase (COMT) and MAO-A and -B in the synaptic cleft. 

AJ-Vlayl polymers may be used for the preparation of semiconductors (qv). Derivatives of others have biological activity, eg, a derivative of 2-phenyl-1-vinylpyrrole, 2-phen54-l-(proparg54oxyethyl)pyrrole, stimulates motor activity andiacreases excitation, etc (42) (see Vinyl polymers, M-vinyl amides). 

Research for an antidepressant among non-tricyclic compounds with pharmacological effects qualitatively different from those of the conventional tricyclic compounds led to the preparation and testing of a series of indazole derivatives for reserpine-like activity in mice. l-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-l//-indazole (FS-32 692) antagonizes reserpine-induced effects and potentiates amphetamine-induced self-stimulation and l-Dopa-induced increase in motor activity. FS-32 produces an anticholinergic action mainly on the central nervous System, while the action of imipramine occurs centrally as well as peripherally (79AF511). 

For determining the off potentials of cathodically protected pipelines, time relays are built into the cathodic protection station to intermpt the protection current synchronously with neighboring protection stations for 3 s every 30 s. The synchronous on and off switching of the protection stations is achieved with a synchronous motor activated by a cam-operated switch. The synchronization of the protection station is achieved as follows a time switch is built into the first protection station. An interruption of the protection current is detectable at the next protection station as a change in the pipe/soil potential. Since the switching time is known, the time switch of the second protection station can be activated synchronously. The switching of further protection stations can be synchronized in the same manner. 

A seizure is an abnormal behavioral (often motoric) activity caused by abnormal electrical activity of the brain. Seizures can be the symptom of a chronic neurological malfunction, i.e. epilepsy, or can appear as single events, e.g. during fever in infants. 

Suppression of motor activity in general, inhibition of gallbladder contraction, gastric emptying... 

Akathisia—extreme restlessness and increased motor activity... 

Neuroleptanalgesia is used to promote general quietness, reduced motor activity, and profound analgesia Which of the following two dru are used in combination to accomplish neuroleptanalgesia ... 

Affects mood and possibly causes neuronal or brain excitability, causing euphoria, anxiety, depression, psychosis, and an increase in motor activity in some individuals... 

Segal DS, Mandell AJ Long-term administration of d-amphetamine progressive augmentation of motor activity and stereotypy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2 249— 255, 1974... 

Similar to alcohol and other CNS depressants, toluene has a biphasic dose-effect curve for the motor activity of rodents (Hinman 1987 Riegel and... 

Despite the paucity of systematic studies in humans, the available evidence suggests that, like drugs such as alcohol, sedatives, and stimulants, inhalant drugs (i.e., solvents, general anesthetics, and nitrites) exert reinforcing effects and increase motor activity. Furthermore, with continuous use, these drugs appear to induce both tolerance and symptoms of withdrawal. 

Kjellstrand P, Holmquist B, Jonsson I, etal Effects of organic solvents on motor activity in mice. Toxicology 35 35 6, 1983... 

Grandjean E. 1963. The effects of short exposures to trichloroethylene on swimming performances and motor activity of rats. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 24 376-379. 

Motohashi Y, Miyazaki Y. 1990. Time-dependent effects on trichloroethylene on motor activity in rats. Chronobiology International 7 193-201. 

Figure 7.8 Dopamine and motor function. When nigrostriatal dopamine activity is normal so is motor function. Any reduction in this DA activity, as in Parkinson s disease, results in reduced motor activity, i.e. akinesia. By contrast, too much DA activity, as in Huntington s Chorea, produces abnormal motor function, i.e. dyskinesia. The latter may be controlled by neuroleptic drugs (DA antagonists) but they can swing the balance in DA activity sufficiently to produce akinesia (Parkinsonism). DA agonists (and levodopa) may overcome akinesia but can induce DA overactivity and dyskinesia (peak dose effect) (see Chapter 15)...

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