Anticholinergic agents specific

Pharmacology Ipratropium for oral inhalation is an anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) agent that appears to inhibit vagally mediated reflexes by antagonizing the action of acetylcholine. The bronchodilation following inhalation is primarily a local, site-specific effect, not a systemic one. 

Clinical uses listed for a specific agent reflect that agent s approved indication. Actual clinical use, however, may be limited because anticholinergics have often been replaced by agents that are more effective and better tolerated. Anticholinergic drugs used specifically to treat Parkinson disease are listed in Table 10-2, Chapter 10. 

Tertiary-amine muscarinic receptor antagonists gain access to the central nervous system and are therefore the anticholinergic drugs used to treat parkinsonism and the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Specific agents used primarily for these conditions include benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (Artane, others). 

The manipulation of nondopaminergic neurotransmitters can also be used as disease specific therapy in PD. Anticholinergic agents, the first effective therapy for PD, having been pre-... 

The muscarinic receptors of the parietal cells are of the Ml subtype. The specific anticholinergic agents for Ml receptors are considered to be effective for the treatment of ulcer disease (51). The muscarinic receptors on the duodenal smooth muscle are possibly of the M3 subtype. Anticholinergics at M3 may partially decrease pain of duodenal ulcers by decreasing the motility of the duodenum (52). 

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