Alkaloids anticholinergic property

Synthesis of scopolamine (Fig. 4), a tropane alkaloid of known anticholinergic properties, was induced hy fivefold in hairy root cultures of Atropa belladonna overexpressing hyoscianine 6[3-hydroxilase. ... 

Brugmansia Candida (Datura Candida, angel s trumpet) and Brugmansia suaveolens (Datura suaveolens, angel s tears) are ornamental flowers that have been used for hallucinogenic effects. Both contain tropane alkaloids, such as hyoscine, hyoscyamine, meteloidine, and nor-hyoscine, which have anticholinergic properties. 

The toxins in Jimsonweed are tropane belladonna alkaloids possessing strong anticholinergic properties. They include hyoscyamine (leaves, roots, seeds) hyoscine (roots) atropine (D,L-hyoscyamine), and scopolamine (L-hyoscine). They act as competitive antagonists to acetylcholine at peripheral and central... 

Once the structure of atropine (and other alkaloids) was known, exploratory chemical modifications become possible to ascertain the structural parameters within which anticholinergic properties existed and to exploit this knowledge to improve atropine. 

Hyoscyamine, a belladonna alkaloid with anticholinergic properties (0.125 to 0.25 mg p.o. t.i.d.), is used in GI tract disorders caused by spasm, and as an adjunctive therapy for peptic ulcers. 

Two well-known alkaloids, cocaine (3.11) and atropine (3.12), are ester derivatives of the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system. Cocaine, isolated from a variety of the poppy plant, has been used as a topical anesthetic, but it is highly addictive if it enters the bloodstream and is now a controlled substance. Atropine, however, is highly useful in medicine with anticholinergic properties. It is isolated from the Belladonna plant and has been used for many years to dilate the pupil of the eye. It is also an effective antidote to poisoning by anticholinesterase chemicals, when these are used as insecticides or in extremely toxic form as chemical warfare agents. 

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