Anticholinergic agents therapy

Symptom patterns those with alternating constipation and diarrhoea and predominant constipation may benefit from high fibre diets (although excess fibre may bloat). Those with predominant diarrhoea may require simple peripheral opiate agonists (loperamide), but may also be helped by raised fibre intake. Pain may respond in part to explanation that it does not indicate serious illness and in part to spasmolytic therapy with anticholinergic agents which... 

The manipulation of nondopaminergic neurotransmitters can also be used as disease specific therapy in PD. Anticholinergic agents, the first effective therapy for PD, having been pre-... 

Fink, H. Effect of an anticholinergic agent, Diethazine, on BEG and behavior Significance for theory of convulsive therapy. Arch. Neurol. Psychlat. 80 380-387, 1959b. 

Neomycin is not usually administered parenter-ally to animals because of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Only 3% of a dose of neomycin is absorbed following p.o. administration it is, therefore, used in the therapy of coliform enteritis in small and large animals. It is available as tablets, boluses and water additives, in many different combinations with antibiotics, corticosteroids and anticholinergic agents. It can also be used to decrease nitrogenous waste production by the normal gastrointestinal flora in animals with hepatic encephalopathy. Neomycin is not absorbed through the skin, so it is frequently utilized as the antibacterial constituent in ophthalmic formulations (especially in combination with bacitracin and polymyxin B) and in preparations for the treatment of otitis externa in small animals. 

Clidinium, an anticholinergic agent with gastrointestinal, antispasmodic properties (2.5 to 5.0 mg p.o. t.i.d.), is indicated as an adjunctive therapy for peptic ulcers (see also Figure 12). 

Which anticholinergic agents are used in the therapy of Parkinson s Disease Benztropine and trihexyphenidyl are the anticholinergics most often used for parkinsonism,... 

PO. Rapid absorption, extensive metabolism. Abrupt withdrawal may induce psychosis. Potentiates antihypertensive and anticholinergic agents. Displaces drugs from plasma proteins. Therapy is withheld if granulocyte count is < 1500/mrrr. 

Anticholinergic agents may represent the first true broncho-dilators for the CB patients. Ipratropium by inhalation has been demonstrated to provide 5-6 hours of bronchodilation in CB as was similarly seen earlier with atropine (13). The mechanism of action is thought to be a blocking of the vagal efferent discharge which is responsible for the increased bronchomotor tone of the bronchial smooth muscle in CB as well as in CBA. Parenteral or inhaled atropine appears to have the deleterious effect of drying bronchial secretions and has not been useful for protracted therapy, whereas inhaled ipratropium does not appear to have this unwanted effect. 

As with CB, anticholinergic agents are also rational bronchodilators for use in asthma. Their use would be expected to contribute additional bronchodilation to that provided by methylxanthines and sympathomimetic amines since the mechanism of action is directed at the effects of the non-specific stimuli. The concomitant use of all three types could also permit a more precise assessment of the non-reversible component of the patient s airways obstruction. Since many antihistamines have anticholinergic activity, it is possible that patients who take such therapy for other reasons may already have some benefit of this kind of bronchodilation. 

Dystonia. Administer an anticholinergic agent such as diphenhydramine (BenadryF see p 436), 0.5-1 mg/kg IM or IV or benztropine (Co-gentin p 418), 1-4 mg IM in adults. Follow this treatment with oral therapy for 2-3 days. 

Rigidity. Do not treat with anticholinergic agents. Instead, administer a sedative (see item 4, directly above) or provide specific pharmacologic therapy as follows ... 

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