Sedation anticholinergic drugs

Benzatropine and etybenzatropine (ethylbenzatropine) are anticholinergic drugs. They represent attempts to combine atropine-like and antihistaminic effects in single molecules. The dose is determined individually and varies from 0.5 to 6 mg/day for benzatropine and 6 to 30 mg/day for etybenzatropine. Although the adverse reactions are essentially those of the anticholinergic drugs, sedation is very likely to occur and these drugs should not be used in patients who need to drive motor vehicles. Benzatropine has also been reported to cause rash, peripheral numbness, and muscular weakness. 

Drug Sedation Extrapyramidal Effects Anticholinergic Effects... 

Drug Sedation Anticholinergic Effects Orthostatic Hypotension... 

Procyclidine is an anticholinergic drug (1). The usual oral dose, which lies between 20 and 30 mg/day, is likely to produce only mild anticholinergic adverse effects, but involuntary movements, with chewing and sucking, have been described in some patients (SEDA-1, 120). Even small doses have produced toxic confusional states when procyclidine was combined with phenothiazines for schizophrenia. Procyclidine is more hkely to produce sedation than stimulation. 

Pharmacotherapy. The currently available treatments for PD are symptomatic, and do not alter the course of the disease. The earliest treatment that is still in limited use today, is with the anticholinergic medications, such as trihexiphenidyl or benzotropine. These drugs are useful, particularly for tremor. However, their use is often prob-lematic because of unpleasant side-effects, such as memory disturbances, blurred vision, sedation, dry mouth, or urinary retention, particularly in older patients. 

Medications for symptomatic relief from vertigo consist of antiemetics, benzodiazepines and antihistamines. They are all mostly aimed at the psychological consequences of dizziness and can all have highly unfavourable side effects, for example, sedation, anticholinergic effects and insomnia. The psychological consequences of dizziness in elderly should rather be treated with information about the condition, supportive help actions and increased social activities, than with drugs. 

In anesthesia drugs from several groups are used as premedication. Pre-anesthetic medication can decrease the anesthetic doses which otherwise would be required to induce anesthesia and so decrease the risk for adverse effects. Pre-anesthetic medication will increase the rate of induction of anesthesia and can reduce pre-operative pain and anxiety. Drugs include benzodiazepines for sedation and their muscle relaxant properties, opiates for pain relieve and anticholinergics or histamine Hi receptor antagonists against nausea and vomiting. Neuroleptics are also used as premedication for their antiemetic effects. 

Muscle relaxants and antispasmodics methocarbamol (Robaxin), carisoprodol (Soma), chlorzoxazone (Paraflex), metaxalone (Skelaxin), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), and oxybutynin (Ditropan) Do not consider the extended-release Ditropan XL Most muscle relaxants and antispasmodic drugs are poorly tolerated by elderly patients, because these cause anticholinergic adverse effects, sedation, and weakness. Additionally, their effectiveness at doses tolerated by elderly patients is questionable. High... 

In pharmacodynamic interactions, the pharmacological effect of a drug is changed by the action of a second drug at a common receptor or bioactive site. For example, low-potency antipsychotics and tertiary amine TCAs have anticholinergic, antihistaminic, a-adrenergic antagonist, and quinidine-Kke effects. Therefore, concurrent administration of chlorpromazine and imipramine results in additive sedation, constipation, postural hypotension, and depression of cardiac conduction. 

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