Self-Inducers

Some flow-related loading conditions which many designers fail to anticipate include bending of circular walls caused by eccentric withdrawal nonsymmetric pressures caused by some types of inserts and self-induced vibrations. 

The experimental and theoretical aspects of the radiation and self-induced conversion kinetics and equiUbria between the ortho and para forms of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium have been correlated (17). In general, the radiation-induced transitions are faster than the self-induced transitions. 

J. W. Pyper and C. K. Briggs, The Ortho-Para Forms of Hydrogen, Deuterium and Tritium Radiation and Self-induced Conpersion Kinetics and Equilibrium, Eawrence Eipermore Eaboratoy Report UCRE-52278, 1977. 

The principal advantage of self-induced spray scrubbers is the efim-ination of a pump for recirculation of the scrubbing liquid. However, the designs for high-energy service are somewhat more complex and less flexible than those for venturi scrubbers. 

FIG. 17-49 Self-induced spray scrubbers, a) Blaw-Knox Food Chemical Equipment, Inc. (h) American Air Filter Co., Inc. 

Before conducting the insulation test one should ensure that there is no self-induced e.m.f. in the windings. It is recommended that the windings be totally discharged by grounding them through the frame of the machine before conducting the test. 

L = self-induced inductance of the coil in henry N = number of turns of the coil... 

This type of technology is a part of the group of air pollution controls collectively referred to as "wet scrubbers. Orifice scrubbers are also known as self-induced spray scrubbers, gas-induced spray scrubbers, and entrainment scrubbers. The operating principle is based on the removal of air pollutants by inertial and diffusional interception. 

Natural convection is self-induced and is created by the density differences, which are temperature related the boiling of water in a kettle is an example of free convection. Forced convection is caused by an external force being applied by mechanical means such as a fan or pump the cooling of a warm bottle in cool flowing water is an example of forced convection. 

There are two types self-induced spray and pressure spray. Many designs have been developed to suit specific dust or fume problems, and it is now possible to use wet collectors on the treatment of solids and fumes down to very small particle sizes. 

Self-induced spray wet collectors This is the most common type, and relies on its separating action by the induced air from the fan pulling the contaminated air through a curtain of water. It is simple in operation with no pumps or moving parts except for the fan, which is set on the clean side of the collector. The scrubbing action is dependent on the pressure drop across the collector. When set, this is constant and is determined by the water level within the collector. The removal of sludge is either by automatic ejection or manual drag-out. 

Sand foundry dusts Self-induced wet collectors ... 

Fig. 4. Sectional view of one stage of a new type of gas-liquid contactor without pressure drop. (1) Vaned-disk impeller (2) stator (3) contacting tank (4) impeller shaft (5) gas inlet pipe (gas is self-induced through this pipe into the dispersion) (6) gas outlet thermometer (7) thermometer pocket (8) drainage tank (9) lid [after Gal-Or (G4)].

D. Durox, T. Schuller, and S. Candel. Self-induced instability of premixed jet flame impinging on a plate. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 29 69-75, 2002. 

T. Schuller, D. Durox, and S. Gandel. Self-induced combustion oscillation of flames stabilized on annular burners. Combust. Flame, 135 525-537, 2003. 

Internal-loop airlift reactors (ALRs) are widely used for their self-induced circulation, improved mixing, and excellent heat transfer [1], This work reports on the design of an ALR with a novel gas-liquid separator and novel gas distributor. In this ALR, the gas was sparged into the annulus. The special designed gas-liquid separator, at the head of the reactor, can almost completely separate the gas and liquid even at high gas velocities. 

Gravity settlement Total enclosure Wet scrubbing Absorption tower Fluidized bed scrubber Impingement scrubber Irrigated target scrubber Pressure spray scrubber Rotary scrubber Self-induced spray scrubber Spray tower Venturi scrubber... 

Screening of cells for pectinase activity was done on MP-5 medium [5] after precipitation of polygalacturonic acid with 1% Cetrimide (Sigma). Liquid culture experiments were done under the self-induced anaerobic conditions [6]. 

PG activity was assayed from cells grown in a medium containing 1% glucose in one-litre self-induced anaerobic fermentation for 5 days by increase of reducing sugars. Enzyme activity increased from pH 3.0 to pH 5.0 (citrate buffer) and decreased drastically above 5.0 (phosphate buffer), but activity was not affected differentially by the two buffers used (data not shown). PG activity increased almost linearly from 20°C to 40°C but above this optimum, activity was lost rapidly and the enzyme was completely inactivated at 60°C and 70°C after 10 and 6 min, respectively (data not shown). No PL, PGL or PME were detected. 

The subcellular location of PG was studied in cells disrupted by osmotic lysis through formation and disruption of sphaeroplasts from self-induced anaerobically-grown cells. A discontinuous sucrose-density gradient produced four bands labelled I, II, III and IV. Band I included many vesicles and a peak of alkaline phosphatase activity (a vacuolar marker in yeasts), NADPH cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity, an endoplasmic reticulum marker, and... 

All cultures were grown with lOg 1 sugar under self-induced anaerobic conditions. Growth and PG activity were measured after 16 hrs. There was no growth on galacturonic acid, pectins, cellulose or rhamnose. indicates standard deviation. 

Hours after inoculation of self-induced anaerobic culture. Organelle identified by peak of marker enzyme activity. 

Organic peroxides and hydroperoxides decompose in part by a self-induced radical chain mechanism whereby radicals released in spontaneous decomposition attack other molecules of the peroxide.The attacking radical combines with one part of the peroxide molecule and simultaneously releases another radical. The net result is the wastage of a molecule of peroxide since the number of primary radicals available for initiation is unchanged. The velocity constant ka we require refers to the spontaneous decomposition only and not to the total decomposition rate which includes the contribution of the chain, or induced, decomposition. Induced decomposition usually is indicated by deviation of the decomposition process from first-order kinetics and by a dependence of the rate on the solvent, especially when it consists of a polymerizable monomer. The constant kd may be separately evaluated through kinetic measurements carried out in the presence of inhibitors which destroy the radical chain carriers. The aliphatic azo-bis-nitriles offer a real advantage over benzoyl peroxide in that they are not susceptible to induced decomposition. 

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