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Stimuli

Perhaps the greatest stimulus for the development of such tools has been the proliferation of high angle wells in which deviation surveys are difficult and wireline logging services are impossible (without some sort of pipe conveyance system), and where MWD logging can minimise formation damage by reducing openhole exposure times. [Pg.134]

These other concepts of acids and bases are not so easily applied quantitatively as the Lowry-Bronsted concept. Nevertheless they have proved to be very useful as ways of classifying chemical substances and—more importantly— these ideas have been a stimulus to many advances in inorganic chemistry. [Pg.91]

Because of its severe approximations, in using the Huckel method (1932) one ignores most of the real problems of molecular orbital theory. This is not because Huckel, a first-rate mathematician, did not see them clearly they were simply beyond the power of primitive mechanical calculators of his day. Huckel theory provided the foundation and stimulus for a generation s research, most notably in organic chemistry. Then, about 1960, digital computers became widely available to the scientific community. [Pg.231]

Many compounds explode when triggered by a suitable stimulus however, most are either too sensitive or fail to meet cost and production-scale standards, requirements for safety in transportation, and storage stability. Propellants and explosives in large-scale use are based mosdy on a relatively small number of well-proven iagredients. Propellants and explosives for military systems are manufactured ia the United States primarily ia government owned plants where they are also loaded iato munitions. Composite propellants for large rockets are produced mainly by private iadustry, as are small arms propellants for sporting weapons. [Pg.3]

Explosives are commonly categorized as primary, secondary, or high explosives. Primary or initiator explosives are the most sensitive to heat, friction, impact, shock, and electrostatic energy. These have been studied in considerable detail because of the almost unique capabiUty, even when present in small quantities, to rapidly transform a low energy stimulus into a high intensity shock wave. [Pg.9]

Sensory perception is both quaUtative and quantitative. The taste of sucrose and the smell of linalool are two different kinds of sensory perceptions and each of these sensations can have different intensities. Sweet, bitter, salty, fmity, floral, etc, are different flavor quaUties produced by different chemical compounds the intensity of a particular sensory quaUty is deterrnined by the amount of the stimulus present. The saltiness of a sodium chloride solution becomes more intense if more of the salt is added, but its quaUty does not change. However, if hydrochloric acid is substituted for sodium chloride, the flavor quahty is sour not salty. For this reason, quaUty is substitutive, and quantity, intensity, or magnitude is additive (13). The sensory properties of food are generally compHcated, consisting of many different flavor quaUties at different intensities. The first task of sensory analysis is to identify the component quahties and then to determine their various intensities. [Pg.1]

Saturation is the concentration of a stimulus above which no increase in perception can be detected. It is tme that Weber-Stevens laws can predict the relationship between stimulus intensity and sensory response with some precision however, they do not describe the very common situation of stimuli at or near the threshold or point of saturation. [Pg.3]

Generalizations. Several generalizations can be made regarding taste (16,26). A substance must be in water solution, eg, the Hquid bathing the tongue (sahva), to have taste. Water solubiUty is the first requirement of the taste stimulus (12). The typical stimuli are concentrated aqueous solution in contrast with the Hpid-soluble substances which act as stimuli for olfaction (22). Many taste substances are hydrophilic, nonvolatile molecules (15). Taste detection thresholds for lipophilic molecules tend to be lower than those of their hydrophilic counterparts (16). [Pg.11]

The odor detection-threshold values of organic compounds, water, and mineral oil have been determined by different investigators (Table 2 and 3) and may vary by as much as 1000, depending on the test methods, because human senses are not invariable in their sensitivity. Human senses are subject to adaption, ie, reduced sensitivity after prolonged response to a stimulus, and habituation, ie, reduced attention to monotonous stimulation. The values give approximate magnitudes and are significant when the same techiriques for evaluation are used. Since 1952, the chemistry of odorous materials has been the subject of intense research (43). Many new compounds have been identified in natural products (37—40,42,44—50) and find use in flavors. [Pg.11]

Jiftertaste. The experience that, under certain conditions, foUows removal of the taste stimulus it may be continuous with the primary experience or may foUow as a different quaUty after a period during which swallowing, saUva, dilution, and other influences may have affected the stimulus substance. [Pg.19]

External stimulus flow meters are generally electrical in nature. These devices derive their signal from the interaction of the fluid motion with some external stimulus such as a magnetic field, laser energy, an ultrasonic beam, or a radioactive tracer. [Pg.64]

During the nineteenth century the growth of thermodynamics and the development of the kinetic theory marked the beginning of an era in which the physical sciences were given a quantitative foundation. In the laboratory, extensive researches were carried out to determine the effects of pressure and temperature on the rates of chemical reactions and to measure the physical properties of matter. Work on the critical properties of carbon dioxide and on the continuity of state by van der Waals provided the stimulus for accurate measurements on the compressibiUty of gases and Hquids at what, in 1885, was a surprisingly high pressure of 300 MPa (- 3,000 atmor 43,500 psi). This pressure was not exceeded until about 1912. [Pg.76]

An alternative approach to stimulate cholinergic function is to enhance the release of acetylcholine (ACh). Compounds such as the aminopyridines increase the release of neurotransmitters (148). The mechanism by which these compounds modulate the release of acetylcholine is likely the blockade of potassium channels. However, these agents increase both basal (release in the absence of a stimulus) and stimulus-evoked release (148). 4-Aminopyridine [504-24-5] was evaluated in a pilot study for its effects in AD and found to be mildly effective (149). [Pg.100]

Odors are measured by their intensity. The threshold value of one odor to another, however, can vary greatly. Detection threshold is the minimum physical intensity necessary for detection by a subject where the person is not required to identify the stimulus, but just detect the existence of the stimulus. Accordingly, threshold deterrninations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments and to estabflsh the level of odor control necessary to make a product acceptable (8). Concentration can also produce different odors for the same matenal. For example, indole (qv) in low concentrations has the smell of jasmine and a low threshold of perception. In high concentrations, it has a strong odor of feces and CX-naphthyl amine as well as a considerably higher threshold of perception. [Pg.293]

Masking. Masking can be defined as the reduction of olfactory perception of a defined odor stimulus by means of presentation of another odorous substance without the physical removal or chemical alteration of the defined stimulus from the environment. Masking is therefore hyperadditive it raises the total odor level, possibly creating an overpowering sensation, and maybe defined as a reodorant, rather than a deodorant. Its end result can be explained by the simple equation of 1 + 1 = >2 (Fig. 2a). [Pg.293]

However, maximum leceptoi occupancy for fuU agonists was still requited for maximum tissue response. The efficacy, was introduced through the concept of a stimulus, 3", defined as... [Pg.275]

Kidney Function. Prostanoids influence a variety of kidney functions including renal blood flow, secretion of renin, glomerular filtration rate, and salt and water excretion. They do not have a critical role in modulating normal kidney function but play an important role when the kidney is under stress. Eor example, PGE2 and -I2 are renal vasodilators (70,71) and both are released as a result of various vasoconstrictor stimuli. They thus counterbalance the vasoconstrictor effects of the stimulus and prevent renal ischemia. The renal side effects of NSAIDS are primarily observed when normal kidney function is compromised. [Pg.155]


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ABC stimulus-responsive

Abuse liability discriminative stimulus effects

Acoustic Stimuli

Adaptation to constant stimuli

Agonist-directed trafficking, of receptor stimulus

Agonist-directed trafficking, receptor stimulus

Animal studies stimulus generalization

Appetitive stimuli

Auditory stimuli

Aversive stimulus

Aversive taste stimuli

Biochemical stimuli, response

Biologically dependent stimuli

Biopolymer-based stimuli-sensitive

Biopolymer-based stimuli-sensitive functionalized graft copolymers

Calcium stimulus-response coupling

Capsule stimuli responsive

Chemical Stimulus-Triggered Transformation of Particles

Chemical stimuli, species

Chemical stimulus

Chemically dependent stimuli

Chemoinvestigation and stimulus uptake

Chemosensory stimuli

Chemotactic stimuli

Chemotactic stimuli response

Classifying shape memory polymers classification by type of stimulus

Color change stimuli-induced

Color stimulus

Conditioned stimulus

Conditioning conditioned stimulus

Conditioning unconditioned stimulus

Cytokine stimulus

Discriminative stimuli

Discriminative stimulus effect

Discriminative stimulus properties

Drug delivery stimuli

Drug delivery stimuli-responsive

Drug stimuli-responsive

Dual stimuli activated

Electrical Stimulus Sensitivity

Electrical stimulus

Electrical stimulus amplitude

Electrochemical stimuli

Emotional stimuli

Environmental stimuli

Excitotoxicity as a Stimulus for Neuronal Cell Death

Explosion stimuli

External Stimuli-Responsive Polymers

External physical stimuli

External stimuli drug delivery

External stimuli triggered systems

Feeding stimuli

Field-responsive materials external stimuli

Flowering stimulus

Food sensory stimulus

Gastrointestinal system stimuli

Handbook of Stimuli-Responsive Materials. Edited by Marek W. Urban

Hedonic taste stimuli

Humans sensory stimulus

Hydrogel stimulus-sensitive

Impulse stimulus

Inflammatory stimuli

Initiation stimuli

Insect stimuli

Interoceptive stimulus effects

Interspecific stimuli

Key stimulus

Local stimulus

Macromolecules stimuli-responsive

Material stimuli-responsive

Mechanical stimuli

Molecular stimuli

Monkeys discrimination stimulus effect

Mucus secretion stimulus

Multilayer stimuli-responsive polymeric films

Multiple stimuli

N. Accumbens by conditioned stimuli

Neurotrophins and Neurotrophin Deprivation as a Stimulus for Retinal Cell Death

Nociceptive stimuli

Nonrepetitive Stimuli

Noxious stimuli, response

Noxious stimulus

Odors stimulus

Olfaction stimuli

Olfactory stimuli

Other stimuli-sensitive polymers

Performance of Algorithms on Simulated Stimuli

Permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membrane prepared by plasma and radiation grafting techniques

Photo stimuli

Photoperiod stimulus

Physical stimuli shape-responsive polymers

Physical stimuli, electrochemical responses

Physically dependent stimuli

Physiology, Psychophysiology, Stimuli

Plants environmental stimuli

Poly stimuli-responsive

Polymer brushes stimuli-responsive surfaces

Polymers sensitive to the bodys external stimuli

Proinflammatory stimuli

Proteins electrical stimuli application

Pulse function stimulus- response method

Pulse stimulus

Random Stimulus

Random Stimulus (Technique

Reaction to stimuli

Regulatory stimulus

Residence-time distribution stimulus-response technique

Respiration, chemical stimuli

Response of Multilayer Polymer Coatings to External Stimuli

Response to a Small-Signal Stimulus in the Frequency Domain

Response to stimulus

Responsive Stimuli-Sensitive Polymers

Self external stimuli

Self-Oscillating Cels as Stimuli-Responsive Materials

Sensitivity of Explosives to Mechanical Stimuli

Sensory stimuli

Shape-changing polymers physical stimuli

Sinusoidal stimulus

Smart polymeric carriers for drug delivery nanocarriers responsive to other stimuli

Stability of resource-partitioning chemical stimuli

Step function stimulus, response

Step function stimulus- response method

Stimuli effects

Stimuli fluorescent

Stimuli for

Stimuli pseudorotaxane

Stimuli release

Stimuli responsive gels

Stimuli responsive moieties

Stimuli responsive surfaces

Stimuli responsiveness

Stimuli sensitivity

Stimuli system

Stimuli triggering characteristic

Stimuli, external

Stimuli, extracellular

Stimuli, mechanical, cellular

Stimuli, mechanical, cellular responses

Stimuli, salience

Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Their Applications in Drug Delivery Systems

Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Patient Selection and Treatment Monitoring

Stimuli-Responsive Structures from Cationic Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Stimuli-Responsive and Active Polymers in Drug Delivery

Stimuli-controlled dynamic surfaces

Stimuli-induced changes and their applications

Stimuli-responding behavior

Stimuli-responsive

Stimuli-responsive (“smart

Stimuli-responsive (“smart biomedical application

Stimuli-responsive (“smart polymers

Stimuli-responsive (“smart temperature

Stimuli-responsive amphiphilic

Stimuli-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers

Stimuli-responsive behavior

Stimuli-responsive copolymers

Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems

Stimuli-responsive films

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels

Stimuli-responsive interfaces

Stimuli-responsive liquid crystal

Stimuli-responsive materials definition

Stimuli-responsive materials functions

Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles

Stimuli-responsive polymer vesicles

Stimuli-responsive polymers

Stimuli-responsive self-assembly

Stimuli-responsive surfaces hydrogels

Stimuli-responsive systems

Stimuli-responsive systems, biodegradable

Stimuli-sensitive

Stimuli-sensitive coatings

Stimuli-sensitive polymers

Stimuli-sensitive polymers for drug delivery and diagnostic systems interacting with biosurfaces

Stimuli-sensitive polymers polymeric systems

Stimuli-sensitive polyurethane drug delivery

Stimuli-sensitive polyurethane drug delivery systems

Stimuli-sensitive structures

Stimuli-triggered drug release

Stimulus Control and Cue Exposure

Stimulus Editor

Stimulus Part (DigStim)

Stimulus Responsive Drug Release

Stimulus access

Stimulus antagonism studies

Stimulus application time

Stimulus bias

Stimulus concentration, taste

Stimulus concentration-response relations

Stimulus context

Stimulus control

Stimulus file

Stimulus generalization

Stimulus generalization studies

Stimulus intensity

Stimulus period

Stimulus presentation

Stimulus presentation glass

Stimulus response learning

Stimulus solution

Stimulus trafficking

Stimulus transfer

Stimulus type

Stimulus type chemically dependent stimuli

Stimulus type field-responsive polymers

Stimulus type polymers

Stimulus type temperature-responsive polymers

Stimulus-contraction-coupling

Stimulus-correlated potentials

Stimulus-isolation units

Stimulus-response

Stimulus-response approach

Stimulus-response coupling, role

Stimulus-response coupling, role calcium

Stimulus-response effect

Stimulus-response mechanisms

Stimulus-response psychology

Stimulus-response relation

Stimulus-response relationship

Stimulus-response specificity

Stimulus-response strategy

Stimulus-response technique

Stimulus-response theory

Stimulus-responsive membranes

Stimulus-responsive polymer brushes

Stimulus-responsive polymer brushes particles

Stimulus-responsive polymer gels

Stimulus-secretion

Stress proteins inducing stimuli

Synthesis and Self-association of Stimuli-responsive Block Copolymers

Synthesis of stimuli-responsive polymers

Taste primary stimuli

Taste stimuli

Temperature sensoring stimulus

The Stimulus Response Technique

The stimulus for developing fuel cells and batteries

Thermal stimuli

Threshold stimulus

Threshold stimulus intensity

Touch Stimuli

Training stimulus

Transport stimuli-responsive

Trigeminal stimuli

Unconditioned stimuli

Vesicles stimuli-responsive

Visual stimulus

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