Discriminative stimulus

Broadbent, J. Michael, E.K. Ricker, J.H. and Appel, J.B. A comparison of the discriminative stimuli of (-t) and (-) 3,4-methylenedioxyamphet-amine (MDA) with those of hallucinogenic and stimulant drugs. Abstr Soc Neurosci 13 1720, 1987. 

Glennon, R.A. Site-selective serotonin agonists as discriminative stimuli. 

Flirschhom, I, and Winter, J.C. Mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as discriminative stimuli. Psychopharmacologia 22 64-71, 1971. 

Shannon, H.E. Phencyclidine-1ike discriminative stimuli of (+)-and (-)-N-a 1 ly 1 normetazocine in rats. jj J. Pharmacol... 

In searching for an animal model specific to PCP and PCP-1i ke agents, the drug discrimination procedure historically has been used. The use of drugs as discriminative stimuli provides a sensitive technique for establishing the similarities among... 

Colpaert, F.C. Fal, H. Niemegeers, C.J.E. Lenaerts, F.M. and Janssen, P.A.J. Investigations on drug produced and subjectively experienced discriminative stimuli. I. The fentanyl cue, a tool to investigate subjectively experienced drug actions. Life Sci 16 705-716, 1975. 

TABLE 2. Comparison of the antagonism of various hallucinogenic-induced discriminative stimuli by two 5-HT antagonists... 

Glennon, R. A., Young, R., Rosecrans, J. A., and Kallman, M. J. (1980) Hallucinogenic agents as discriminative stimuli A correlation with serotonin receptor affinities. Psychopharmacology, 68 155-158. 

Chance WT, Murfin D, Krynock GM, Rosecrans lA (1977) A description of the nicotine stimulus and tests of its generahzation to amphetamine. Psychopharmacology 55 19-26 Chance WT, KaUman MD, Rosecrans lA, Spencer RM (1978) A comparison of nicotine and structurally related compounds as discriminative stimuli. Br 1 Pharmacol 63 609-616 Chandler Cl, Stolerman IP (1997) Discriminative stimulus properties of the nicotinic agonist cytisine. Psychopharmacology 129 257-264... 

Fig. 14.35. Cat hippocampal impedance averaged over 5-day periods at various levels of training, with successive presentations of alerting, orienting, and discriminative stimuli. In each graph, the middle trace shows the mean. Upper and lower traces show one standard deviation. Variability was low at 100% performance (A), increased substantially after cue reversal (B), but decreased again after retraining (C). (Reprinted from W.R Adey, The Extracellular Space and Energetic Hierarchies in Electrochemical Signaling Between Cells, in Charge and Field Effects in Biosystems, M. J. Allen, S. F. Cleary and F. M. Hawkridge, eds., Vol. 2, p. 265, Fig. 1, Plenum, 1989.)...

Fig. 1. Discriminative stimuli used in tests of intra- and extra-dimensional shifts of attention in marmosets with lesions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or 6-OHDA-induced depletion of DA from PFC. Plus and minus signs indicate reinforced and non-reinforced discriminanda, respectively. The arrows indicate those stages especially sensitive to PFC DA depletion as shown by Crofts et al. (2001). Adapted from Crofts et al. (2001).

Jarbe, T.U.C., Lamb, R.J., Lin, S. and Makriyannis, A. (2001) (R)-methanandamide and Delta 9-THC as discriminative stimuli in rats tests with the cannabinoid antagonist SR-141716 and the endogenous ligand anandamide. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 156 369-380. 

Figure 4. The number of correct responses of one rat (Wolfblass) discriminating between the urinary odors from two genetically identical rats (e.g. PVG) fed on different diets (Purina vs. Teklad) on blocks 1—5. On blocks 6-10, the discriminative stimuli were replaced with urine samples from (A) genetically identical individuals of a different strain (e.g. PVG.Rl) fed on the Purina vs. Teklad diets or (B) unfamiliar MHC-congenic mice (B6 and B6- H-2 ) fed on a Bulk Bam diet.

The intake of food and drinking water was reduced in rats after administration of seven mg Et4Pb/kg or more (Czech et al. 1976), i.e. doses close to the LD50. Similarly high doses entailed a reduction in the rats ability to learn and remember discriminating stimuli (Avery et al. 1974). Certain other tests were managed by the rats in the same way as by their controls, unless they were unable to do so because of neurological symptoms (Avery et al. 1974, Bullock et al. 1966). 

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