Product acceptance

Odors are measured by their intensity. The threshold value of one odor to another, however, can vary greatly. Detection threshold is the minimum physical intensity necessary for detection by a subject where the person is not required to identify the stimulus, but just detect the existence of the stimulus. Accordingly, threshold deterrninations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments and to estabflsh the level of odor control necessary to make a product acceptable (8). Concentration can also produce different odors for the same matenal. For example, indole (qv) in low concentrations has the smell of jasmine and a low threshold of perception. In high concentrations, it has a strong odor of feces and CX-naphthyl amine as well as a considerably higher threshold of perception. 

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is successfully used to determine chemical composition of various geological and ecological materials. It is known that XRF analysis has a high productivity, acceptable accuracy of results, developed theory and industrial analytical equipment sets. Therefore the complex methods of XRF analysis have to be constituent part of basis data used in ecological and geochemical investigations... 

Acceptance criteria are the requirements which, if met, will deem the product acceptable. Every requirement should be stated in such a way that it can be verified. Characteristics should be specified in measurable terms with tolerances or min/max limits. These limits should be such that will ensure that all production versions will perform to the product specification and that such limits are well within the limits to which the design has been tested (see also Part 2 Chapter 2 under Identifying verification requirements). Where there are common standards for certain features, these may be contained in a standards manual. Where this method is used it is still necessary to reference the standards in the particular specifications to ensure that the producers are always given full instructions. Some organizations omit common standards from their specifications. This makes it difficult to specify different standards or to subcontract the manufacture of the product without handing over proprietary information. 

In place of the term final inspection, the term product acceptance is more appropriate and tends to convey the purpose of the inspection rather than the stage of the inspection. 

You may know where each device is supposed to be, but what do you do if a device is not returned for calibration when due Your procedures should track returns and make provision for tracking down any maverick devices, since they could be being used on product acceptance. 

The decision on product acceptance is a relatively simple one because there is a specification against which to judge conformance. When product is found to be nonconforming there are three decisions you need to make based on the following questions ... 

Statistical techniques can be used for a variety of reasons, from sampling product on receipt to market analysis. Any technique that uses statistical theory to reveal information is a statistical technique, but not all applications of statistics are governed by the requirements of this part of the standard. Techniques such as Pareto Analysis and cause and effect diagrams are regarded as statistical techniques in ISO 9000-2 and although numerical data is used, there is no probability theory involved. These techniques are used for problem solving, not for making product acceptance decisions. 

The requirement may not apply to all product acceptance decisions. If your acceptance of the end product does not depend upon acceptance decisions being made on its component parts, any sampling carried out on receipt inspection or in-process is not important to the product acceptance decision and can therefore be ignored in your documented quality system. This is a wise course of action if you can be sure this will always be the case but if you can t, and more often than not you won t know, it is prudent to encompass a//sampling activities in your quality system. 

Because of the complexities of the materials and the effects of the processing on the materials, this is an area where predictability based on scientific data is very limited and casting experience is desirable. Successful products will result from close cooperation between designer, tool designer, mold maker, and processor to arrive at design compromises that make the products acceptable and producible at an economical price. 

Sacchetti, G., Gianotti, A., and Dalla Rosa, M. 2001. Sucrose-salt combined effects on mass transfer kinetics and product acceptability Study on apple osmotic treatments. J. Food Engineer. 49, 163-173. 

A lower exemption, 1,000 kilograms for instance, would create an unnecessary impediment to innovation. New chemicals would face an almost insurmountable cost barrier to expanded production. The barrier would be much lower with a 25,000-pound per year exemption. Innovation is not just the discovery and testing of new products, but also those products acceptance on a commercial scale and at a competitive price. The impact of PMNs on the cost of chemical substances was calculated using a... 

The establishment of standards is important to product acceptance and broader public understanding of the overall safety of fuel cells. 

Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a typical component of the gaseous environment for reactions in air or in the presence of air traces. Therefore, both interactions between CO2 and organic ion-radicals as well as reactions of 62 with uncharged molecules of organic compounds should be considered. Interaction of CO2 with organic anion-radicals leads, as a rule, to carboxylic acids COj" anion-radicals are not formed. Even such a one-electron reductant as the superoxide ion (in aprotic medium) simply adds to carbon dioxide CO2 + O2 -> 00-C02. The additional product accepts an electron ... 

The committee classified products subject to monographs in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC) and the British National Formulary (BNF) as Category M-Products. Acceptable products other than monograph preparations were Category A-Products. All other products were Category B-Products, these were considered less effective or more toxic than those in Categories M or A or their efficacy was regarded as unproven. 

Product Acceptance. Propellant furnished accdg to this document shall be inspected for quality in accordance with qualification and acceptance inspection requirements, outlined under Quality Assurance Provisions, items 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2 and 4,1.3 (not included in our description)... 

Optimizing Purchase Interest. In this study interest focused on the specific set of formula variables which would generate the most acceptable product. Acceptability for the case of a "digestive liqueur" primarily consisted of high purchase... 

U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) (2007), <1111> Microbiological examination of nonsterile products Acceptance criteria for pharmaceutical preparations and substances for pharmaceutical use, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD. 

Other Materials. In addition to the basic performance ingredients previously discussed, other materials are commonly added to facilitate product manufacture (for example, hydrotropes such as xylene sulfonate) and to enhance product acceptability among consumers (colorants and perfumes). A few materials are formed or carried along into the finished product by the manufacturing process (such as sodium sulfate and water). 

Bitterness is a generally undesirable flavor component and is usually detrimental to the quality of citrus products. Any bitterness in orange or tangerine products reduces their quality, whereas, a little bitterness is actually desirable for grapefruit products. However, it has been shown (35) that as the concentration of bitter materials increase, flavor scores and overall product acceptability decrease. Thus, excessive bitterness is usually considered objectionable and the Florida Department of Citrus has enacted regulations which limit the amount of naringin which may be present during the early weeks of the season (36). 

The ability of one product to complement the characteristics of another has also had an effect on product acceptance. Although alachlor initially was used by itself as a banded granular grass herbicide on com and soybean, it was the tank mixes with broadleaf herbicides that propelled its success. Combinations of atrazine-alachlor, metribuzin-alachlor, and linuron-alachlor became very common. Alachlor replaced essentially all propachlor use on field corn over the 4-year period from 1972 to 1976, not only as a result of less hazardous handling characteristics (Table 4.1), but also as a consequence of its success in tank mixes. 

Product superiority may be overestimated and may not represent actual grower need. New practices or programs may require development for product acceptance by the grower (5). Success in the laboratory and the research plot is one thing - but unless someone buys the concept, a business venture can fail because estimates of cost-benefits are not valid. 

Increased utilization of fermentation will mean a host of new biosolids (cell mass solids and fermentation solubles) which will need to be utilized. The logical use of these biosolids is as an animal feed,288 but animal feed use will require greater control of plant operations to ensure consistent quality products acceptable to the livestock industry. Because each facility will have a different mixture of fermentation products, it will not be possible for all facilities to produce the same set of livestock... 

For the purpose of supervision, the manufacturer grants the notified body access to all facilities for production, acceptance, testing and storage. In addition, he submits technical documents. 

Concerns over worker safety, processing emissions and finished product acceptability continue to drive new product development in this area. Western Europe has led these initiatives however, there are now signs that the USA marketplace is changing in order to conform with these environmental trends. Technological aspects of the replacement of cadmium in liquid stabilisers and the reduction of volatile constituents and phenol in these materials is reviewed. 7 refs. 

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