Stimulus bias

Noetzel MJ, Gregory KJ, Vinson PN, Manka JT, Stauffer SR, Lindsley CW et al (2013) A novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 positive allosteric modulator acts at a unique site and confers stimulus bias to mGlu5 signaling. Mol Pharmacol 83 835-847... 

The stimulus presentation method should be well adapted to avoid response variability as a result of response bias and other psychological factors. 

Wesnes, K., Warburton, D.M., and Matz, B., Effects of nicotine on stimulus sensitivity and response bias in a visual vigilance task, Neuropsychobiology, 9, 41, 1983. 

The vibration sensation test is purported to be a quantitative measure of perception of a vibrating stimulus. It is used to see if a person can volitionally tell the examiner when a stimulus is first perceived. It is intended to reveal impairment in the ability of a peripheral nerve to conduct an impulse. If the subject has a high threshold for this test, it is suggested by the amount of time the subject requires for acknowledging his/her perception of the stimulus. This testis subject to embellishment by the examinee and to observer bias by the test administrator. Such impairments detected on screening tests such as this must be correlated with other more objective tests for evidence of peripheral neuropathy such as nerve conduction velocities, tendon reflex responses, and patterns of sensory loss detected by pin prick perception. 

Future trends in trace element analysis will put even greater pressure on the need to provide unbiased determinations. Increasing interest in the role of trace elements in health and disease will provide the stimulus for the better provision of quantitative determinations on which important decisions are made (Centers for Disease Control, 1991 Moukarzel et al., 1992). Increased public awareness and legislation are likely to bring about substantial reductions in the currently acceptable levels of occupational and environmental exposure to some non-essential elements such as lead, cadmium and aluminium. Determinations that are made as part of the assessment of such exposure will need to be both carefully validated and reproducible over many years or decades (Braithwaite and Brown, 1988 Brown, 1991), which will have a serious impact on laboratory costs. However, reproducible trace element determination with a low bias in biological fluids represents the cornerstone of any proper understanding of the role of trace elements in human health and disease. 

Photocurrent Transients Time-resolved photocurrent at zero or reverse bias is, like IPCE, a probe of the forces driving conduction rather than recombination. If recombination can be neglected, the transient electron current resulting from an instantaneous or steady state light stimulus G(x, t), is defined by... 

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