Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles

Motomov, M. Roiter, Y. Tokarev, 1. Minko, S. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, nanogels and capsules for integrated multifunctional intelligent systems. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2010,35 (1-2), 174—211. 

J. Babin, M. Lepage and Y. Zhao, "Decoration" of shell cross-linked reverse polymer micelles using ATRP A new route to stimuli-responsive nanoparticles. Macromolecules, 41, 1246-1253 (2008). 

Matejicek P, Zednik J, Uselova K, Plestil J, Fanfrlik J, Nykanen A, Ruokolainen J, Hobza P, Prochazka K (2009) Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles based on interaction of metallacarborane with poly(ethylene oxide). Macromolecules 42(13) 4829-4837. doi 10. 1021/ma900484y... 

Jin-Zhi Du, bom in 1983 in Anhui, received his BS from the Department ofPolymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China in 2006, where he is currently pursuing graduate studies on stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for dmg and gene delivery. 

In 2000, the first example of ELP diblock copolymers for reversible stimulus-responsive self-assembly of nanoparticles was reported and their potential use in controlled delivery and release was suggested [87]. Later, these type of diblock copolypeptides were also covalently crossUnked through disulfide bond formation after self-assembly into micellar nanoparticles. In addition, the encapsulation of l-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid, a hydrophobic fluorescent dye that fluoresces in hydrophobic enviromnent, was used to investigate the capacity of the micelle for hydrophobic drugs [88]. Fujita et al. replaced the hydrophilic ELP block by a polyaspartic acid chain (D ). They created a set of block copolymers with varying... 

Inspired by the elastin-based side-chain polymers, Lemieux et al. prepared elastin-based stimulus-responsive gold nanoparticles. To this end, they capped gold particles with a layer of a single repeat of thiol-functionalized VPGVG peptides (Fig. 17a). These nanoparticles showed LCST behavior, which was modulated by varying the pH of the solution [131]. 

Fig. 17 (a) Elastin-based stimulus-responsive gold nanoparticles. Reproduced from [131] by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry (b) Functionalization of a glass surface with ELP. In the first step, the glass surface is aminosilylated with N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, then modified with glutaraldehyde. Subsequently, the stimulus-responsive biopolymer is covalently immobilized using reductive amination. Reproduced from [132] by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry... 

An additional challenge appears when multiple azobenzenes are introduced into otherwise rigid scaffolds and PPDs thus become stimulus-responsive, molecularly defined nanoparticles [38, 39]. One might argue that incorporation of azobenzenes into polymers or polymer nanoparticles is a well-known concept for changing structures (Fig. 9). 

Callahan, D. J. Liu, W. E. Li, X. H. Dreher, M. R. Hassouneh, W. Kim, M. Marsza-lek, P. Chilkoti, A. Triple stimulus-responsive polypeptide nanoparticles that enhance intratumoral spatial distribution. Nano Lett. 2012,12, 2165-2170. 

Another interesting field of application of the self-reporting approach would be biomedical materials. However, to the best of our knowledge, mechanochromic polymer-based materials have not yet been designed for such applications. For example, the synthesis of mechano-responsive nanoparticles, which would exert their biomedical function in response to a mechanical stimulus and simultaneously generate a change in colour, would permit to develop new theranostics tools. Such systems could lead to a better... 

Q. Yuan, R. Venkatasubramanian, S. Hein, and R. Misra, A stimulus-responsive magnetic nanoparticle drug carrier Magnetite encapsulated by chitosan-grafted-copolymer, Acta Biomaterialia, 4 (4), 1024-1037, 2008. 

Cayre, O. J., Chagneux,N. and Biggs, S. (2011) Stimulus responsive core-shell nanoparticles Synthesis and applications of polymer based aqueous systems . Soft Matter, 7,2211-2234. 

Mendez, J., Monteagudo, A., and Griebenow, K. (2012) Stimulus-responsive controlled release system by covalent immobilization of an enzyme into mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Bioconjug. Chem., 23 (4), 698-704. 

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