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Phase method

In addition to the techniques outlined above, many other methods have been developed for droplet sizing. These include, for example, intensity ratio method, phase optical-microwave method, and dual-cylindrical wave laser technique)1(n etc. [Pg.428]

Another way of using PVA for UF membranes is by modifying PVA by controlling hydroxyl groups. In this way the pore structure can be easily adjusted by the method phase inversion. Otherwise, once PVA is a water -soluble polymer it is difficult to form porous UF membranes with an ideal morphological structure by the method of wet phase inversion directly when water is used as a coagulation bath. [Pg.149]

SnB uses the parameter-shift optimization of the minimal function by default whereas SHELXD uses the tangent formula. The complete direct-methods phasing process using the Shake-and-Bake algorithm is illustrated in flow-chart form in Fig. 9.2, and the main parameters are summarized in Table 9.4. [Pg.135]

Method Phase equilibria data Kinetic data (time-dependent) P, ra Limits, stirred/unstirred Key information/ advantages... [Pg.322]

CHjCi + cr 6-31G //6-31G Reaction profile in gas and aqueous (by Monte Carlo method) phases (199)... [Pg.276]

Network infrastructure is rarely implemented from scratch as a project. Normally, it evolves as actual and predicted needs require. For all but the smallest enterprises, a methodical phased plaiming approach must be adopted. Risk assessment should be used to identify components of the... [Pg.843]

Light Microscopic Method. Phase contrast microscopy (PCM) accurately assesses fiber exposure levels for fibers 5 pm in length and >0.25 pm in diameter. Furthermore, PCM cannot differentiate between asbestos and nonasbestos fibers. Currently, the standard method for the determination of airborne asbestos particles in the workplace is NIOSH Method 7400, Asbestos by Phase Contrast Microscopy (NIOSH 1994a). OSHA considers that sampling and analytical procedures contained in OSHA Method ID-160 and NIOSH Method 7400 are essential for obtaining adequate employee exposure monitoring. Therefore, all employers who are required to conduct monitoring are required to use these or equivalent methods to collect and analyze samples (OSHA 1994). In NIOSH Method 7400, asbestos is collected on a 25 mm cellulose ester filter (cassette-equipped with a 50 mm electrically-conductive cowl). The filter is treated to make it... [Pg.211]

Most direct methods phasing procedures follow the sequence listed in Figure 8.10, illustrated by an example in Figure 8.11. The relative phases are derived by application of some of the equations listed above, an E map is calculated, coordinates are determined for peaks in this map (on the assumption that they represent atomic positions), and the resulting trial structure is examined for chemical reasonableness. Sometimes there is more than one set of phases that must be tested in this way because the results of direct methods are not conclusive for this crystal structure. Only the results of refinement (see Chapter 10) will indicate if the correct structure has been found. [Pg.297]

Proffen T, Welbeny TR (1997) Analysis of diffuse scattering via the reverse Monte Carlo technique A systematic investigation. Acta Crystallogr Sect A 53 202-216 Proffen T, Welbeny TR (1998) Analysis of diffuse scattering of single ciystals using Monte Carlo methods. Phase Transit 67 373-397... [Pg.315]

Evans, D.A., Doman, T.N., Thorner, D.A., and Bodkin, M.J. (2007) 3D QSAR methods phase and catalyst compared. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 47, 1248-1257. [Pg.223]

EPAR ATION and purification processes account for a large portion of the design, equipment, and operating costs of a chemical plant. Further, whether or not a mixture forms an azeotrope or two liquid phases may determine the process flowsheet for the separations section of a chemical plant. Most separation processes are contact operations such as distillation, gas absorption, gas stripping, and the like, the design of which requires the use of accurate vapor-liquid equilibrium data and correlating models or, in the absence of experimental data, of accurate predictive methods. Phase behavior, especially vapor-Uquid equilibria, is important in the design, development, and operation of chemical processes. [Pg.220]

The ion-pair extraction method (phase-transfer catalysis) can offer improved syntheses of a-substituted cyanomethylphosphonates. It is effectively employed in the alkylation of dialkyl cyanomethylphosphonate to smoothly achieve specific monoalkylation. °5 ° This technique is also well suited to the fc/v-alkylation and cycloalkylation of cyanomethylphosphonates. [Pg.268]

The ion-pair extraction method (phase-transfer catalysis) was rather disappointing it can be used for the specihc monoalkylation of diethyl 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)methyIphosphonate but has low yield (30%). °... [Pg.430]

An emulsion will form upon mixing oil, water, and an emulsifier under given conditions such as temperature, dispersion method, phase volume, and viscosity of bulk phases among other parameters. The answer to the question Will this emulsion be oil (W/O) or water (O/W) continuous is a key problem of emulsion science. It is not only of fundamental interest but also of great practical importance and consequences. [Pg.366]

Numerical Illustrations for Exponentially-Fitted Methods and Phase Fitted Methods. - In this section we test several finite difference methods with coefficients dependent on the frequency of the problem to the numerical solution of resonance and eigenvalue problems of the Schrodinger equations in order to examine their efficiency. First, we examine the accuracy of exponentially-fitted methods, phase fitted methods and Bessel and Neumann fitted methods. We note here that Bessel and Neumann fitted methods will also be examined as a part of the variable-step procedure. We also note that Bessel and Neumann fitted methods have a large penalty in a constant step procedure (it is known that the coefficients of the Bessel and Neumann fitted methods are position dependent, i.e. they are required to be recalculated at every step). [Pg.73]

The phenomena discussed above can be studied using various techniques, and not all methods are equally suitable in a particular case. Two principally different kinds of methods for measuring fluorescence lifetimes exist, namely, pulse methods and modulation or phase-shift methods. Phase-shift methods, despite the fact that they have been known for a longer time, have not found widespread use during the last decade. However, important technical advances have been made in phase-shift methods which in fact have inspired many researchers to apply them more frequently. Nevertheless, pulse methods are still the most widely used today, in particular for high time resolution. If carried out properly both types of methods must and will give the same result. Details of the measuring problem will determine which method is more appropriate in a particular case. [Pg.345]

Clingman, W.H. and Hall, K.R., Energy Flowmeter Development Phase I—Gas Sampling Methods Phase II— Prototype Energy Flowmeter , GRI Report 81/0200, December 1983. [Pg.312]

Microemulsions are prepared by the spontaneous anulsilication method (phase titration method) and can be depicted with the help of phase diagrams. Construction of phase diagram is a useful approach to study the complex series of interactions that can occur when different components are mixed. Microemulsions are formed along with varions association structures (including emulsion, micelles, lamellar, hexagonal, cubic, and varions gels and oily dispersion), depending on the chemical composition and concentration of each component. [Pg.256]

Preparation method. Phase separation (phase inversion] of polymer, sol-gel process, interface reaction, stretching, extrusion, track-etching, and micro-fabrication. [Pg.837]

Another approach mounts either the part or, more commonly, the reference optics on a mechanical translator (shown in yellow in Fig. 5) so that intensity frames can be acquired at a number of intervals (Bruning et al. 1974), typically uniformly spaced by V4. This method, phase shifting, uses multiple intensity frames (minimum 3, typically 7 or more in modem instraments) to solve for the phase modulo 2n at every pixel. Departure of the combined wavefront from its nominal shape over the aperture can be unwrapped provided adjacent pixels have a phase difference less than 2n. [Pg.715]

Wil] Total energy calculations - Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method Phase separation in the Fei tCU tPt section... [Pg.575]

Separation Method Phase Condition of Feed Separating Agent(s) Developed or Added Phase Separation Property... [Pg.241]

Thermally induced phase separation method In this method, phase inversion is introduced by lowering the temperature of the polymer solution. A polymer is mixed with a substance that acts as a solvent at a high temperature and the polymer solution is cast into a film. When the solution is cooled, it enters into an immiscible region due to the loss of solvent power. Because the solvent is usually nonvolatile, it must be removed with a liquid that is miscible with the solvent but not miscible with the polymer. [Pg.9]


See other pages where Phase method is mentioned: [Pg.119]    [Pg.86]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.1]    [Pg.72]    [Pg.519]    [Pg.168]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.355]    [Pg.206]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.425]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.271]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.434]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.66 , Pg.90 ]




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A New Phase Fitted Method

Activity coefficients, liquid phase methods

Additional Methods of Predicting Polymer Phase Behavior

Analytical methods used in solid-phase synthesis

Applications to Phase-transfer Methods

Aqueous phase coupling method

Aqueous phase methods

Automated method screening columns/mobile phases

Bridge methods in non-competitive enzyme immunoassays with antigens immobilized on the solid phase

Calculation of phase diagrams method

Chemical or physical methods for separation of phases

Chromatographic methods reversed-phase

Coating methods solution-phase

Coating methods vapor-phase

Comments on Methods of Phase Lag Correction

Coupling Reagents and Methods for Solid-Phase Synthesis

Cubic lipid phase method

Deconvolution Methods for Solid-Phase Pool Libraries

Determination of solvus curves (disappearing-phase method)

Development of experimental methods for determining the phase separation region, critical point, spinodal and interaction parameter

Diagram Method of Phase Transition Analysis in Nanosystems

Direct methods for solving phase problem

Direct methods of relative phase determination

Direct methods phase analysis

Direct methods substructure phasing

Direct phase determination methods

Disappearing-phase method

Discrete bubble method liquid phase dispersion

Drug Development Phase Validated Methods

Early phase method development

Early phase methods

Early phase methods development, validation

Early phase methods stability

Early phase methods validation

Electrolytic methods of phase separation

Encoding Methods for Solid-Phase Pool Libraries

Estimation Methods for Each Phase Separately, Not Based on Raoults Law

Experimental Methods for Studying Phase Behaviour of Mixtures at High Temperatures and Pressures

Experimental Methods to Study Hydrate Phase Equilibria

Flow methods in the gas phase

Fluorescence phase-shift method

Four-phase method

Gamma-Phi Method for Vapor-Liquid Phase Equilibrium

Gas Phase (Hard) Ionisation Methods

Gas phase methods

Gas-Phase Ionization Methods

Generalized random phase methods

Gradient reversed-phase HPLC method

HPLC method development mobile phase selection

HPLC method development phase-appropriate

Henry reaction heterogeneous phase method

High-performance liquid chromatography phase-appropriate methods

Immobilizing liquid phase, methods

Isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method

Liquid chromatography reverse phase methods

Liquid phase activity coefficient ASOG method

Liquid phase activity coefficient UNIFAC method

Liquid phase methods

Liquid phase reduction method

Liquid phases thermodynamic methods

Liquid-Phase Synthesis Method (Sol-Gel Technique)

Liquid-phase inversion method

Liquid-phase preparation method

Liquid-phase synthesis method

Macrocycles solid-phase method

Magnetic Force in Nonuniform Fields Phase Analysis Method

Material characterization methods quantitative phase analysis

Measurement Methods for Hydrate Phase Equilibria and Kinetics

Merrifield solid phase method

Merrifield solid phase synthesis method

Merrifield solid phase synthesis, synthetic methods

Method 284 dilute phase

Method Development and Optimization of Enantiomeric Separations Using Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Chiral Stationary Phases

Method Development for Reversed-Phase Separations

Method Development in Reversed Phase HPLC

Method development drug discovery phase

Method development in reversed-phase chromatography

Method development mobile-phase considerations

Method development phase-appropriate

Method development, levels phases

Method of Micro-Phase Separation by Blending Polymer Solutions

Method validation phase

Methods for the Selection of Appropriate Mobile Phases

Methods of Clinker Phase Composition Determination

Methods of Phase Identification

Methods of Phase-Angle Determination

Methods used to separate the colloidal and soluble phases

Micro-two-phase sheath flow method

Modified Runge-Kutta Phase-fitted Methods

Modified Runge-Kutta-Nystrom Phase-fitted Methods

Monte Carlo methods condensed phases

Multifactorial Systematic Method Development and Optimization in Reversed-Phase HPLC

Nanostructured phases analysis methods

Normal phase method development

Numerical Simulation and the Phase-Field Method

Oligosaccharide synthesis acceptor-bound solid-phase method

Organic phase coupling method

Organic-Phase Method

POLYMER-ASSISTED SOLUTION-PHASE METHODS FOR CHEMICAL LIBRARY SYNTHESIS

Peptides: synthesis solid-phase methods

Phase Equilibria Methods

Phase Equilibrium Experimental Methods and Measuring Devices

Phase Fitted Methods

Phase QSAR method included

Phase Transfer and Related Methods

Phase angle, isomorphous replacement methods

Phase behavior, predictive methods

Phase change materials coating methods

Phase contrast method, Zernike

Phase diagram CALPHAD methods

Phase diagram isothermal methods

Phase equilibria approximate methods

Phase inversion composition method

Phase inversion method

Phase inversion method, porous membrane preparation

Phase inversion temperature method

Phase inversion temperature method droplet size

Phase lag method

Phase prediction method

Phase problem anomalous dispersion methods

Phase problem isomorphous replacement methods

Phase shift method

Phase transfer method

Phase transfer method benzylic halides

Phase transfer method carbonylation

Phase transition temperatures three methods

Phase volume method

Phase volume ratio method

Phase-Doppler method

Phase-appropriate methods

Phase-detection method

Phase-encoding methods

Phase-field method

Phase-integral method

Phase-lag Analysis for Symmetric Two-Step Methods

Phase-modulation fluorometry methods

Phase-modulation method

Phase-modulation method fluorescence lifetime measurement

Phase-transfer method from organic

Phase-transfer method from organic modifications

Phase-vanishing method

Phosphite and Solid-Phase Methods

Polymerization phase separation method

Porous membranes phase inversion method

Purification methods solid-phase extraction

QM/MM methods for simulation of condensed phase processes

Random Phase Approximation method

Relaxation methods three-phase systems

Reverse phase liquid chromatography method, development

Reverse phase method development

Reverse phase method development columns

Reverse phase method development detection characteristics

Reverse phase method development dimensions

Reverse phase method development examples

Reverse phase method development experiment

Reverse phase method development molecular weight

Reverse phase method development polarity

Reverse phase method development pore size

Reverse phase method development sample composition

Reverse phase method development sample matrix

Reverse phase method development selectivity

Reverse phase method development separation mechanism

Reverse phase method development solubility

Reversed-phase HPLC method calibration

Reversed-phase chromatography method development

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography required method performance

Reversed-phase methods

Selection of the Stationary Phase and Method

Separation methods reversed phase liquid chromatography

Simulating Phase Equilibria by the Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo Method

Solid phase crystallization method

Solid phase techniques separation method

Solid-Phase Methods for Purification of Synthesized Oligosaccharides

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis The Merrifield Method

Solid-liquid phase method

Solid-phase combinatorial methods

Solid-phase extraction methods

Solid-phase extraction methods development

Solid-phase method

Solid-phase microextraction automated method

Solid-phase microextraction method development

Solid-phase microextraction with other sample preparation methods

Solid-phase synthesis coupling methods

Solution ( Liquid-Phase) Methods for Peptide Synthesis

Solution phase synthesis methods

Static reactor liquid phase methods

Stationary Phase Method for Path Integrals

Stationary phase, method

Stationary phases gradient method

Sub-monomer Solid-Phase Method

Supercritical assisted phase method

Supercritical phase inversion method

Surface phase capacity determination methods

The Heating Method of Micro-Phase Separation

The Phase Rule—a Method of Classifying All Systems in Equilibrium

The combination of methods for two-phase systems

The isocline method of constructing a phase portrait

The phase inversion temperature method

Thermal methods, phase transitions

Thermally induced phase separation method

Time-proportional phase method

Transient liquid phase method

Transient-liquid-phase joining method

Two-phase fluid flow Lockhart-Martinelli method

Two-phase methods

Two-phase stopped-flow method

Validation, and Use of Early Phase Methods

Vapor phase method

Vapor-Phase Transport Method

Vapour-Phase Methods and Grafting

Vapour-phase method

Velocity imaging phase-encoding methods

Visualization method phase change

Wet-phase inversion method

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