Solid phase crystallization method

A schematic cross-sectional view of the TFT and associated pixel electrode structure is shown in Fig. 15, which employs a conventional coplanar structure TFT with a double gate. Fabrication is done by the following procedure. 

The fabrication process required no hy-drogenization step and has a maximum temperature of 600 °C which makes it ideal for low cost glass substrates. 

Electron mobility of more than 100 cm s can be obtained with this method. 

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T. Matsuyama, M. Tanaka, S. Tsuda, S. Nakano, and Y. Kuwano, Improvement of n-type poly-Si film properties by solid phase crystallization method, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 3720, 1993. 

I 6) Shishido, T., Wang, Y., Morioka, H., Kondo. M. and Takehira, K. (2002). Partial oxidation of methane over Ni/Mg-Al oxide catalysts prepared by solid phase crystallization method from Mg-Al hydrotalcitc-likc precursors. Applied Catalysis A General, 223, 35-42. 

Hayakawa, T Suzuki, S., Nakamura, J Uchijima, T Hamakawa, S., Suzuki, K Shishido, T and Takehira, K. (1999) CO2 reforming of CHi over Ni/perovskite catalysts prepared by solid phase crystallization method. Appl. Catal. A,... 

In this work hybrid method is suggested to determine anionic surfactants in waters. It is based on preconcentration of anionic surfactants as their ion associates with cationic dyes on the membrane filter and measurement of colour intensity by solid-phase spectrophotometry method. Effect of different basic dyes, nature and hydrophobicity of anionic surfactants, size of membrane filter pores, filtration rate on sensitivity of their determination was studied. Various cationic dyes, such as Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, Rhodamine 6G, Safranin T, Acridine Yellow were used as counter ions. The difference in reflection between the blank and the sample was significant when Crystal Violet or Rhodamine 6G or Acridine Yellow were used. 

The reaction of dehydrohalogenation typically carry out at presence of solutions of alkalis (B ) in ethanol with addition of polar solvents. At use of tetrahydrofiiran synthesis goes at a room temperature. This method allows avoiding course of collateral reactions. The amorphous phase only cumulene modification of carbyne is received as a result. Then, crystal of P-carbyne is synthesized from amorphous carbine by solid-phase crystal-ization. 

The most widely used method for preparing extended-chain crystals involves solid-phase polymerization when the monomer exists as a single crystal. The polymerization of single crystals of the monomer permits the preparation of a polymer material with a maximum orientation a polymeric single crystal composed of fully extended macromolecules. Such polymer crystals are needle-shaped22. ... 

Protein recovery via disruption has also been achieved by adsorbing water from the w/o-ME solution, which causes protein to precipitate out of solution. Methods of water removal include adsorption using silica gel [73,151], molecular sieves [152], or salt crystals [58,163], or formation of clanthrate hydrates [154]. In most of the cases reported, the released protein appeared as a solid phase that, importantly, was virtually surfactant-free. In contrast to the dilution technique, it appears that dehydration more successfully released biomolecules that are hydrophilic rather than hydrophobic. 

The sample temperature is increased in a linear fashion, while the property in question is evaluated on a continuous basis. These methods are used to characterize compound purity, polymorphism, solvation, degradation, and excipient compatibility [41], Thermal analysis methods are normally used to monitor endothermic processes (melting, boiling, sublimation, vaporization, desolvation, solid-solid phase transitions, and chemical degradation) as well as exothermic processes (crystallization and oxidative decomposition). Thermal methods can be extremely useful in preformulation studies, since the carefully planned studies can be used to indicate the existence of possible drug-excipient interactions in a prototype formulation [7]. 

The molecular structure of the parent compound was investigated in the vapor and in the solid phase using X-ray, XN and GED methods. The reported data are shown in Table 16. In both phases a clear bond length separation could be detected with a localized three-membered ring and its three adjacent double bonds. The symmetry-equivalent cyclopropane bonds are rather long in C3v-symmetric BUL (1.533-1.542 A), which can be explained by the common electron-withdrawing effect of the 7r-systems in a. svM-ciinal conformation. For comparison, the unaffected bonds in unsubstituted cyclopropane are 1.499 A in the crystal and 1.510 A in the gas phase. Therefore, the bond lengths in BUL... 

It is finally assumed that with all force constants and potential functions correctly specified in terms of the electronic configuration of the molecule, the nuclear arrangement that minimizes the steric strain corresponds to the observed structure of the isolated (gas phase) molecule. In practice however, the adjustable parameters, in virtually all cases, are chosen to reproduce molecular structures observed by solid-state diffraction methods. The parameters are therefore conditioned by the crystal environment and the minimized structure corresponds to neither gas phase nor isolated molecule [109],... 

In simple experiments, particulate silica-supported CSPs having various cin-chonan carbamate selectors immobilized to the surface were employed in an enantioselective liquid-solid batch extraction process for the enantioselective enrichment of the weak binding enantiomer of amino acid derivatives in the liquid phase (methanol-0.1M ammonium acetate buffer pH 6) and the stronger binding enantiomer in the solid phase [64]. For example, when a CSP with the 6>-9-(tcrt-butylcarbamoyl)-6 -neopentoxy-cinchonidine selector was employed at an about 10-fold molar excess as related to the DNB-Leu selectand which was dissolved as a racemate in the liquid phase specified earlier, an enantiomeric excess of 89% could be measured in the supernatant after a single extraction step (i.e., a single equilibration step). This corresponds to an enantioselectivity factor of 17.7 (a-value in HPLC amounted to 31.7). Such a batch extraction method could serve as enrichment technique in hybrid processes such as in combination with, for example, crystallization. In the presented study, it was however used for screening of the enantiomer separation power of a series of CSPs. 

These liner exchange systems make feasible yet another analysis mode direct thermal desorption (DTD). Here the liner or an insert is packed with the solid sample. The liner exchange system can then be used in place of a conventional autosampler. The liner is automatically inserted into the PTV and the volatiles thermally desorbed onto the column. Some analysts may feel uneasy about such desorption from the solid phase how does one know that all of the volatile analytes have been released from the sample crystal lattice However, where applicable, this approach may not be as difficult to validate as one might imagine. For instance, the PTV can be cooled after the analyte transfer, and then, at the end of the chromatographic temperature programme, reheated to repeat the process. Ideally all of the analyte should transfer in the first cycle and none in the second, demonstrating that complete desorption occurs in the method. 

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