Acids methacrylic acid

Small concentrations of vinylcarboxyhc acids, eg, acryhc acid, methacrylic acid, or itaconic acid, are sometimes included to enhance adhesion of the polymer to the substrate. The abihty to crystalline and the extent of crystallization are reduced with increa sing concentration of the comonomers some commercial polymers do not crystalline. The most common lacquer resins are terpolymers of VDC—methyl methacrylate—acrylonitrile (162,163). The VDC level and the methyl methacrylate—acrylonitrile ratio are adjusted for the best balance of solubihty and permeabihty. These polymers exhibit a unique combination of high solubihty, low permeabihty, and rapid crystallization (164). [Pg.442]

The performance of many metal-ion catalysts can be enhanced by doping with cesium compounds. This is a result both of the low ionization potential of cesium and its abiUty to stabilize high oxidation states of transition-metal oxo anions (50). Catalyst doping is one of the principal commercial uses of cesium. Cesium is a more powerflil oxidant than potassium, which it can replace. The amount of replacement is often a matter of economic benefit. Cesium-doped catalysts are used for the production of styrene monomer from ethyl benzene at metal oxide contacts or from toluene and methanol as Cs-exchanged zeofltes ethylene oxide ammonoxidation, acrolein (methacrolein) acryflc acid (methacrylic acid) methyl methacrylate monomer methanol phthahc anhydride anthraquinone various olefins chlorinations in low pressure ammonia synthesis and in the conversion of SO2 to SO in sulfuric acid production. [Pg.378]

Hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric and hydroiodic acids Methacrylic acid Nitric acid... [Pg.73]

The amount of polar monomer one would copolymerize with the alkyl acrylate monomer(s) very much depends on the type of polar monomer and the desired change in rheological properties one would like to achieve. Strong hydrogen bonding monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, or methacrylamide are typically used at levels of 12% or less of the total monomers. [Pg.490]

During mutual graft copolymerization, homopolymerization always occurs. This is one of the most important problems associated with this technique. When this technique is applied to radiation-sensitive monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, polyfunctional acrylates, and their esters, homopolymer is formed more rapidly than the graft. With the low-molecular weight acrylate esters, particularly ethyl acrylate, the homopolymer problem is evidenced not so much by high yields as by erratic and irreproducible grafting. [Pg.510]

Acrylic acid Methacryl acid Crotcmic acid... [Pg.319]

Oihydrohjran CfDtonakJehyde Melhacrolein Methytvinylketone 2-But>TO-1,4-diol Butane-2,3-dione Crotonic(E)acid Methacrylic acid Vinylacetate Methyl aaylate... [Pg.472]

Copolymer of anionic and cationic monomers Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid ... [Pg.59]

Copolymer of esters of acrylic acid and the respective acids, methacrylic acid WiO ... [Pg.331]

Acrylamide Acrylic acid Methacrylic acid Maleic acid... [Pg.49]

From the results presented above it can be concluded that the auto-accelerated conversion curves observed in the polymerization of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and acrylonitrile are not caused by non-steady conditions arising as a result of the occlusion of growing chains in the precipitated polymer. This occlusion which is responsible for the post-polymerization observed in these systems only contributes to a limited extent to the over-all rates. [Pg.251]

The reaction network for isobutane selective oxidation catalyzed by POMs consists of parallel reactions for the formation of methacrolein, methacrylic acid, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Consecutive reactions occur on methacrolein, which is transformed to acetic acid, methacrylic acid, and carbon oxides. ° Methacrylic acid undergoes consecutive reactions of combustion to carbon oxides and acetic acid, but only under conditions of high isobutane conversion. Isobutene is believed to be an intermediate of isobutane transformation to methacrylic acid, but it can be isolated as a reaction product only for very low alkane conversion. ... [Pg.274]

DIHYDROFURAN DIVINYL ETHER METHACROLEIN 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL ganna-BUTYROLACTONE cis-CROTONIC ACID trans-CROTONIC ACID METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ACRYLATE VINYL ACETATE ACETIC ANHYDRIDE SUCCINIC ACID DIGLYCOLIC ACID MALIC ACID TARTARIC ACID n-BUTYRONITRILE ISOBUTYRONITRILE ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN... [Pg.35]

It was reported that, in the contrast to acrylic acid, methacrylic acid does not exhibit any template effect under conditions described. However, template effect appears if a solvent such as water or methanol is added, and also at higher temperatures of polymerization. [Pg.34]

Ouchi et al. synthesized l,2-mono-0-isopropylidene-3-[3-(5-fluorouracil-l-yl)propionyl]-6-0-acryloyl-a-D-glucofuranose and copolymerized it with acrylamide [143], Ozaki et al. synthesized l-(meth)acryloyloxymethyl-5-fluorouracils and copolymerized with a number of comonomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate [144]. All the above mentioned polymer bound drugs possessed biological activity. [Pg.77]

The second essential component of the base copolymer are monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, etc. Although maleic anhydride is not a carboxylic acid in that it has no hydrogen attached to the carboxyl groups, it can be considered an acid for the purposes to be incorporated in... [Pg.137]

Acrylic acid Methacrylic acid Crotonic acid Maleic acid Itaconic acid Adhesion promoters (2) Adhesion promoters (2) Adhesion promoters (2) Adhesion promoters (2) Adhesion promoters (2)... [Pg.188]

Acrylonitrile Methacrylic acid Methacrylic acid/alcohols Methacrylic acid isobutyl ester Methacrylic acid n-butyl ester Methacrylic acid p-carboxyphenol ester... [Pg.45]

Many of these newer materials have become standard polymers for inclusion in the cooling water formulations from most service companies. There are even tetrapolymers available now (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ester, acrylamide, or AA/MAA/E/AM). [Pg.153]

Vinyl chloride can be copolymerized with a series of monomers Vinylidene chloride, trans-dichloroethylene, vinylesters of aliphatic carboxylic acid (C2-C18), acrylic acid esters, methacrylic and/or maleic acid as well as fumaric acid with mono-functional aliphatic saturated alcohols (Cj-C18), mono-functional aliphatic unsaturated alcohols (C8—C18), vinyl ethers from mono-functional aliphatic saturated alcohols (C i-Cis), propylene, butadiene, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid (total < 8 %) and N-cyclohexylmaleinimide (< 7 %). [Pg.31]

The following substances are recommended starting materials for unsaturated polyesters fumaric acid, maleic acid, methacrylic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, resi-nic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, hydrated or halogenated phthalic acids, aliphatic and substituted aliphatic single and multi-functional alcohols up to C)8, alkoxylated and hydrated phenols and bisphenols, styrene, vinyltoluene, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of the Ci-C4 alcohols, and tricyclodecane dimethanol. [Pg.37]

The IR spectrum of 2-methylpropenoic acid (methacrylic acid) is shown in Figure 20-5. Compare this conjugated example with the spectrum of hexanoic acid... [Pg.952]

Synonym methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, methyl ester methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid methyl ester, MMA Chemical Name 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester CAS Registry No 80-62-6... [Pg.813]

In many cases the organic to be dehydrated (e.g., acetic acid) attacks the ether linkage in the PVA membrane. Indeed, the PVA membrane has very limited fife in the presence of most acids. Ray et al. [14] used the concept of copolymer membranes to dehydrate acetic acid over the entire range of concentration from 0% to 100%. These investigators prepared copolymers of acrylonitrile (AN) with different hydrophUic monomers like hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid. These copolymers have carbon-carbon bonds, which unlike the ether linkage in the cross-hnked PVA membrane are stable to the attack by carboxyhc acids. The acrylonitrile part is not sufficiently hydrophihc but imparts mechanical strength while the other monomers improve the hydrophilicity. The overall result is an efficient yet stable membrane. Variation of the ratio of AN to (the other) monomer allows freedom of adjusting the hydrophUicity of the membrane to achieve certain... [Pg.120]

Ethenylbenzene is not the only ethenyl bonded monomer capable of undergoing copolymerization with diethenylbenzene (divinylbenzene), but commercially, the propenoic (acrylic) monomers are the alternatives which have been most widely exploited, since about 1950. For example, the methacrylic-divinylbenzene weakly acidic cation exchange resin [—RG(CH3)COOH] is made by copolymerizing diethenylbenzene and methylpropenoic acid (methacrylic acid) as shown in Scheme 2.3. Various alkyl substituted propenoic acid monomers may be employed in the manufacture of weakly acidic cation exchange resins, as are propenonitriles (acrylonitriles) and alkyl propenoates (acrylic esters). In the case of the two latter cited... [Pg.27]

Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...