Methacrylic acid-lignosulfonate

Graft Copolymerization of Lignosulfonate with Methacrylic Acid and Acrylate Monomers... 

The material as received contained 8.8% methoxyl group (specified by the supplier) and its lignosulfonate content was 86.8% with reference to the purified material (determined in our laboratory by ultraviolet absorption at 280 nm). Vinyl monomers, namely, methyl acrylate (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) were distilled under vacuum distillation was performed over cupric sulfate and through a copper-ring packed column to remove stabilizers. The central cut of each distilla-... 

Figure 4. Influence of reaction time on copolymerization of lignosulfonate and methacrylic acid in water medium at 30°C , total monomer conversion O, grafting efficiency A, degree of LS reacted.

As for the degree-of-lignosulfonate-reacted (Figure 6), a negative influence was found in all the three systems. It decreased almost proportionally to the LS/monomer ratio. In the range of the ratio studied the largest decrease was from 90% to 26% in the LS-(methacrylic acid) system and the smallest change was from 86% to 42% in the system of LS-(methyl methacrylate). 

It is known that the colour of lignosulfonate is darker at higher pH, thus the copolymer produced at pH 2 was tan and at pH 10 was dark brown. It should be pointed out that, without any buffering, the pH values of the LS-acrylate and LS-(methacrylic acid) systems were 4.4 and 2.4, respectively. 

Ambergris oil. See Ambergris Amberlig. See Calcium lignosulfonate Amberlit IRP-88. See Methacrylic acid-divinylbenzene copolymer Amber musk. See Musk ambrette Ambersil Antifoam 4010. See Polydimethylsiloxane... 

Acrylates/VA copolymer Adipic acid Albumen Alkyl phenol disulfide Ami noethyl piperazine Ammonium lignosulfonate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium polyacrylate Ammonium thiocyanate Ammonium zirconium carbonate Beeswax Benzidine dihydrochloride N-Benzyldimethylamine Boron trifluoride 1,3-Butanediol dimethacrylate Butyl acetoxystearate Butyl lactate t-Butyl methacrylate Calcium naphthenate p-Carboxyethyi acryiate... 

Sodium hypochlorite Sodium laurate Sodium lauryl sulfate Sodium lignosulfonate Sodium methyl naphthalenesulfonate Sodium persulfate Sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate Sodium tallow sulfate Stannous oleate Stearoyl lactylic acid Styrene/butadiene polymer Styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer Sulfated butyl oleate Sulfated castor oil Sulfated rapeseed oil... 

Cabrera and Lynsdale investigated the effect of superplasticizers based on modified lignosulfonate, SNF, SMF, and acrylic acid-hydroxypropyl methacrylate on the hydration of cement. The DTG/TG techniques were adopted. There was a slight acceleration of hydration in the presence of admixtures at 1 day, but the long-term hydration was not affected. 

Kerosene Kerosine Sesame Oil Petrolatum Nujol Cherry Juice Ethereal Oils Cherry Syrup Bitter Almond Oil Fuming Suifuric Acid Oleum Violet Oil Walnut Oil Verbena Oil Green Soap Beer Butter Corn Syrup Naphtha Soy Sauce Li groin Cetavlon Quinine Sulfate Rosin Bitumen 2-Bromobutyric Acid Sodium Lignosulfonate Methyl Methacrylate Clophen A50 Aluminum Oxalate Calcium Salicylate o-Cresotinic Acid WD 40... 

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