Citric acid methacrylate

Immobilization of the colloidal catalyst on resins was studied in order to use them repeatedly as stable solid catalyst. The citric acid reduction of poly(hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) containing H2PtCl4 yielded immobilized Pt colloids which are dispersed in that polymer57. It could be used as H2 generating catalyst repeatedly without activity loss in the system of EDTA-Ru(bpy)3 + -MV2 +. ... 

The permeability and water uptake of Eudragit RS or RL [chemical name, poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride)], can be influenced by the presence of different counterions in the release medium.It was found that theophylline was released faster from Eudragit RS-coated pellets, when succinic, acetic, glutaric, tartaric, malic, or citric acid are present in the release medium. Increased permeability was explained by the higher hydration of the film, also expressed as the free volume. ... 

Methacrylic acid, which normally is derived from petroleum, can be made from citric acid (8.25) which in turn is made by fermentation of glucose.216... 

Citric acid derived from sugars by fermentation can be converted to methacrylic acid with hot water (as mentioned in Chap. 8). Acrylonitrile (a carcinogenic monomer) is made by the oxidation of propylene with a mixture of ammonia and oxygen.21... 

Polyol monomer like xylitol was also used to compose biodegradable polymer poly(xylitol citrate) (PXC) with citric acid by a simple thermal polycondensation. The abundant pendent hydroxyl groups on PXC, mostly introduced by xylitol, were used to react with methacrylic anhydride to obtain double bond functional PXC (PXCma), which can be formed into a bioelastomer network by photo-cross-linking [96]. 

Ophthalmic grade 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N,N-dimethylamino-ethyl methacrylate (DMA) were obtained from Polysciences (Warrington, PA). (3-AminopropyOtrimethoxysilane (APS), (3-methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPS), tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), dimethoxyphenyl acetophenone (DMPA), poly-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), trisodium orthophosphate, citric acid, and boric acid were obtained from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI). Triethanolamine... 

Modified tapioca starch with citric acid Glycidyl methacrylate... 

Carboxylic acids are used in the production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, solvents, and food additives. Industrially important carboxylic acids include acetic acid (component of vinegar, precursor to solvents and coatings), acrylic and methacrylic acids (precursors to polymers, adhesives), adipic acid (polymers), citric acid (beverages), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (chelating agent), fatty acids (coatings), maleic acid (polymers), propionic acid (food preservative), terephthalic acid (polymers). 

Le N6tre, J., Witte-van Dijk, S.C.M., van Haveren, J., Scott, E.L. et al (2014) Synthesis of bio-based methacrylic acid by decarboxylation of itaconic acid and citric acid catalyzed by solid transition-metal catalysts. ChemSusChem, 7, 2712-2720. 

Ali [89] reported the results of a study on a LDPE blend with an ionomer resin based on ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (Surlyn 1857 10 wt%), which also contained citric acid (1 wt%) as a blowing agent. The blend, as well as the reference samples of pure LDPE and LDPE/citric acid, were e-beam-irradiated at room temperature with a dose of 40kGy, and the EPR spectra were recorded at different time intervals after irradiation. The septet corresponding to allyl radicals was a dominant spectral component in the initial spectra, the total radical concentration being about 10% higher in the presence of the ionomer due to a contribution of Surlyn-derived radicals. The latter were more stable, such that in the blend the EPR signal was still observed three days after irradiation, whereas in the reference samples the radicals had decayed completely within 3.5 h. 

Carlsson M, Habenicht C, Kam LC, Antal MJ, Bian N, Cunningham RJ, Jones M Jr (1994) Study of the sequential conversion of citric acid to itaconic to methacrylic acid in near-critical and supercritical water. Ind Eng Chem Res 33 1989-1996... 

Cltroflex citric acid esters provide a wide range of benefits when used as plasticizers with aqueous- and solvent-based polymers, including acrylic, methacrylic, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinylidene chloride, axiA urethane polymer systems. 

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Glyceryl palmitostearate Hydrogenated castor and soybean oil Microcrystalline wax Corn starch Maltodextrin Pregelatinized starch Isomalt Potato starch Citric add Sodium bicarbonate Methacrylic acid copolymer type C Chitosan Xanthan gum Agar Povidone Lactose... 

Decarboxylation reactions are also a common type of elimination in NCW. Both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids will undergo elimination of CO2 in NCW. Since decarboxylations produce CO2, the resulting carbonic acid can have an accelerating effect on numerous acid-catalyzed processes. Carlsson et al. studied the conversion of citric and itaconic acids to methacrylic acid, suggesting decarboxylation of acotinic acid yielding methacrylic acid (Fig. 9.32). The authors reported NMR evidence that supports... 

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