Methyl ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid

Methyl Methacrylate—Ethyl Acrylate—Methacrylic Acid (MMA—EA— MAA) Terpolymers. In an earlier paper (22, 23) values for the MFT of each of a series of acrylic copolymer emulsions were obtained by calculating Tff values using the equation of Wood (34), ignoring the presence of methacrylic acid. These were then converted to MFT values using available literature data (20, 24) and by extrapolating and interpolating the straight line obtained. The MFT values for these identical emulsions at pH 9.5 have now been determined experimentally, and these data are compared in Table II. Values for MFT s below 0°C. could not be obtained experimentally. 

To this end, work has been initiated on a series of somewhat less polar styrene-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid emulsion polymers. The first major difference encountered in changing from the MMA-EA-MAA to the S-EA-MAA polymers was the need for at least a 50% increase in surfactant to obtain a coagulate-free emulsion for the 100% styrene vs. 100% methyl methacrylate. The determination of the minimum weight percent of MAA required to yield a F/T stable emulsion for various copolymers gave the results listed in Table III. 

Bulk addition multipolymerization kinetics occurs when two monomers are employed. Bulk free-radical homopolymerizations and copolymerizations that are implemented in REX include a) styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-methyl methacrylate, styrene-acrylamide b) methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile, ABS c) acrylate ester mixtures d) ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid and mixtures with other monomers e) methyl methacrylate f) 8-caprolactone and, n-isopropylacrylamide-acrylic... 

Poly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) particles were synthesized by using a seeded soap-free emulsion polymerization process to obtain clean surfaces and surface carboxylic groups [115], Authors found that in this case dropwise addition process was better than batchswelling process to produce large particles with narrow size distribution. 

Kang, K., Kan, C., Du,Y, and Liu, D. 2005. Synthesis and properties of soap-fi ee poly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) latex particles prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization. Eur. Polym. 7.41 439-45. 

Appl. July 16, 1990. Coating recipe contains Polyox , WSRN-3000, TMPTA 21.00, TMPEOTA, Poly(methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid) (51/29/20), Benzophenone, o-Cl-HABI, Leuco Crystal Violet, N-Phenyl glycine. Sensitizer (JAW). 

Propenoic acid amide, see Acrylamide 2-Propenoic acid, ethyl ester, see Ethyl acrylate Propenoic acid, methyl ester, see Methyl acrylate 2-Propenoic acid, methyl ester, see Methyl acrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl methyl ester, see Methyl methacrylate... 

Cycloaddition using the unusually functionalized 2-diazo-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-nitropropane (15) could be achieved with methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid chloride, and esters (Scheme 8.5), but not with the 1,2-disubstituted C=C bonds of p-nitrostyrene, ethyl cinnamate, and 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one (42). In these cycloadditions, 15 is considerably less reactive than 2-diazo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane... 

Monomers were purchased from Polysciences, Inc. The liquid monomers (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, styrene and a-methylstyrene) were purified by vacuum distillation under nitrogen, poured into thin-walled ampules, degassed at 10 - 10 torr and subsequently frozen in liquid nitrogen. The partially filled ampules were then inserted between a pair of parallel plate electrodes connected to an International Plasma Corporation Model 3001 Radiofrequency Generator, which operates at 13.56 MHz and delivers up to 150 watts of power. In most of these experiments discussed in this work, the power input was limited to 40 - 80 watts. The ampules were allowed to warm up until droplets of liquids appeared. A glow discharge was then in-Current address Department of Chemistry, Ibaraki, University, Mito 310 Japan... 

Synonyms EMA Ethyl-2-methylacrylate Ethyl-a-methyl acrylate Ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Methacrylic acid, ethyl ester 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, ethyl ester 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester DeMion Ester of ethyl alcohol and methacrylic acid Empiricai CsHmOz Formuia H2C CCH3COOC2Hs... 

Butyl acrylate-butyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer Methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacryhc acid copolymer Poly(sodium 10-undecenyl sulfate) (polySUS)... 

Synonyms Ethyl 2-methacrylate Ethyl Methacrylate-inhibited Ethyl Alphamethylmethaciylate Ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Methacrylic Acid, Ethyl Ester Chemical Formula CHj = C(CHj)COOC2H5 (ii) Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Acrid acrylic (iii) Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 °C and I atm Liquid Molecular Weight 114 Boiling Point at I atm lA3, U7, 390, Freezing Point <-58, <-50, <223 Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not... 

A number of acrylic resins are used for bonding cloth, plastics, leather and, in some cases, metal foils. The acrylic monomers most commonly used in adhesives are ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile. The polymers or copolymers are soluble in common organic solvents and can be supplied in much the same manner as other solvent-based systems. In addition, the polymers are soluble in the monomers. When a catalyst is added, monomers polymerize, thus providing good bonding to glass and to plastic surfaces of similar composition (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate). " ... 

April 30,1986. Photopolymer positive surprint color proofing film based on epoxy acrylate monomer exhibits low dot gain, low time dependence of toning and good tonal range. Binder can be methyl-methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/acryhc acid copolymer, preferably crosslinked with zinc ions and plasticized with a second acrylate monomer and a mixture of triacetin and trimethylol propane. 

Methyl, ethyl and allyl acrylate were first prepared in 1873 by Caspary and Tollens, and of these materials the last was observed to polymerise. In 1880 Kahlbaum reported the polymerisation of methyl acrylate and at approximately the same time Fittig found that methacrylic acid and some of its derivatives readily polymerised. 

A polymeric composition for reducing fluid loss in drilling muds and well cement compositions is obtained by the free radical-initiated polymerization of a water-soluble vinyl monomer in an aqueous suspension of lignin, modified lignins, lignite, brown coal, and modified brown coal [705,1847]. The vinyl monomers can be methacrylic acid, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, vinylacetate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, N-methylmethacrylamide, N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide, vinyl sulfonate, and additional AMPS. In this process a grafting process to the coals by chain transfer may occur. 

Figure 11.11 Pyrogram of a paint sample collected from a decorative frame of the Universal Judgement by Bonamico Buffalmacco (fourteenth century, Monumental Cemetery of Pisa, Italy). Pyrolysis was performed with a microfurnace pyrolyser, at 600°C, in the presence of HMDS. 1, Benzene 2, ethyl acrylate 3, methyl methacrylate 4, acetic acid, trimethyl silyl ester 5, pyrrole 6, toluene 7, 2 methylpyrrole 8, 3 methylpyrrole 9, crotonic acid 10, ben zaldehyde 11, phenol 12, 2 methylphenol 13, 4 methylphenol 14, 2,4 dimethyl phenol 15, benzyl nitrile 16, 3 phenylpropionitrile 17, indole 18, phthalate 19, phthalate 20, ben zyl benzoate HMDS pyrolysis products [27]...

Radiation Induced Reactions. Graft polymers have been prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) by the irradiation of the polymer-monomer system and some other methods. The grafted side chains reported include acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate, ethylene, ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl pyridine and vinyl pyrrolidone (13). Poly(vinyl alcohols) with grafted methyl methacrylate and sometimes methyl acrylate have been studied as membranes for hemodialysis (14). Graft polymers consisting of 50% poly(vinyl alcohol), 25% poly(vinyl acetate) and 25% grafted ethylene oxide units can be used to prepare capsule cases for drugs which do not require any additional plasticizers (15). 

Figure 41. A plot of sensitivity to Mo (5.4k) x-ray radiation and 20 kV electron beam radiation for several resists. EPB is epoxidized polybutadiene, P(GMA-EA) is a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate (COP), PGMA is poly (glycidyl methacrylate), PBS is poly (butene-1 -sulfone), FBM-1 is poly (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate), P(MMA-MA) is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, PMMA is poly (methyl methacrylate). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 56J...

Fig. 23. Polymerization of monomers in masticating polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. Curves 1-6 1 ml methacrylic acid, styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate, respectively, in 3 g polystyrene. Curves 7-12 2 ml methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate, respectively, in 3g polymethyl methacrylate. The limiting viscosity numbers for points along Curves 2 and 3...

Moore. M.M., Amtower, A., Doerr, C.L., Brock, K.H. Dearfield, K.L. (1988) Genotoxicity of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Environ, mol. Mutag., 11,49-63... 

Polymer Selection. The polymer was selected on the basis of observations using salicylic acid-salicylate as analyte. The following organic polymers were examined polystyrene, methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate, Teflon, silicone rubber, PVC, and polyester. Ten-millimolar salicylic acid in 0.01 M HC1 was first extracted for 30 s and then back extracted with 0.1 M NaOH. Peak currents for back extractants (nA) were as follows PVC, 1780 methyl methacrylate-ethyl... 

Graft copolymers of polyamides using pre-irradiation gamma-rays techniques have been reported for styrene (130), in solution, in the presence of water (40), in alcohols or acetone solution (131), vinyl acetate (130), methacrylic acid in water (132) or methanol solution (129), methyl (133) and ethyl (130) acrylates, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (55,134), methyl methacrylate (130), in methanol solution (129), 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate quaternary salts (135), acrylamide in aqueous medium (128,136), acrylonitrile (130,137), and 4-vinyl pyridine in aqueous solution (128). 

A more conventional mechanism appears to be operative in the photopolymerization of ethyl acrylate [178] and methyl methacrylate [179] in aqueous solution, sensitized by fluorescein and Erythrosin, respectively. Ascorbic acid is the reducing agent in both cases and it is observed that the reaction does not proceed in the absence of buffer, usually phosphate buffer pH 6. Polymer formation starts after an induction period but its dependence on light intensity and ascorbic acid concentration has not been determined. The rate of photopolymerization is proportional to the monomer concentration and to the square root of the light intensity, dye, and ascorbic acid concentration. The authors report the order with respect to the monomer as 3/2. However, from our analysis of the data for fluorescein, which are more... 

At a considerably later date. Frankland prepared ethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid from ethyl a-hydroxyisobutyrate and phosphorus trichloride. Tollen prepared aciylate esters from 2,3-dibromopropionate esters and zinc. Otto Rohm, in 1901. described the structures of the liquid condensation products (including dimers and timers) obtained from the action of sodium alkoxides on methyl and ethyl acrylate. Shortly after World War 1, Rohm introduced a new acrylate synthesis, noting that an acrylate is formed in good yield from heating ethylene cyanohydrin and sulfuric acid and alcohol. A major incentive for the development of a clear, tough plastic acrylate was for use in the manufacture of safety glass. 

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