Acrylic acid monomer

There have been other approaches to obtaining rubber/metal adhesion besides primers or additives consisting of phenolics or epoxies plus halogenated elastomers. For example, carboxylated polymers (olefins and diolefins copolymerized with acrylic acid monomers) have shown excellent adhesion to metals. Very little carboxyl is necessary, and polymers with carboxyl contents as low as 0.1% show good adhesion when laminated to bare steel. When these materials possess... 

Manufacture of highly water-absorbent polymers with uniform particle size and good flowability can be carried out by reverse phase suspension polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid monomers in a hydrocarbon solvent containing crosslinker and radical initiator. Phosphoric acid monoester or diester of alka-nole or ethoxylated alkanole is used as surfactant. A polymer with water-absorbent capacity of 78 g/g polymer can be obtained [240]. 

Brandt [200] has extracted tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite (TNPP) from a styrene-butadiene polymer using iso-octane. Brown [211] has reported US extraction of acrylic acid monomer from polyacrylates. Ultrasonication was also shown to be a fast and efficient extraction method for organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticisers [212]. Greenpeace [213] has recently reported the concentration of phthalate esters in 72 toys (mostly made in China) using shaking and sonication extraction methods. Extraction and analytical procedures were carefully quality controlled. QC procedures and acceptance criteria were based on USEPA method 606 for the analysis of phthalates in water samples [214]. Extraction efficiency was tested by spiking blank matrix and by standard addition to phthalate-containing samples. For removal of fatty acids from the surface of EVA pellets a lmin ultrasonic bath treatment in isopropanol is sufficient [215]. It has been noticed that the experimental ultrasonic extraction conditions are often ill defined and do not allow independent verification. 

So, interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with a weight ratio of vinyl alcohol residue in PVA to acrylic acid monomer 4 6 exhibit positive swelling changes with temperature but IPNs 6 4 evidence negative swelling ones [48],... 

The sample material was a hydrogel, that was made out of 11 g acrylic acid monomer (AA), 11 g acrylamide monomer (AAm), 100 g water (H20), 0.5 g cross linker MB AAm (N,N -methylenebisacrylamide) and 0.1 g of the initialisators (NH4)2S20g and K2S2O5. The solution was neutralised by 6.2 g NaOH. The constituents were put in a test tube where they react with each other as described by de Heus [3]. After the reactions between the components stopped, the material was submerged in a 0.15 molar NaCl-solution for one or two days. Then, the hydrogel was put in a cup filled with a 0.15 molar NaCl solution and was stored at room temperature. 

Poly( ethylene oxide)-block-poly (propylene oxide)-hZock-poly(ethylene oxide)-g-poly(acrylic acid) (PEO-fc-PPO-fc-PEO-g-PAA, Pluronic-PAA) graft copolymers were synthesized by free radical grafting copolymerization of acrylic acid monomers onto PEO-h-PPO-h-PEO (Pluronic F127) and the aqueous solution properties were characterized by Bromberg [133, 134]. Chiu et al. [135] reported on the micellization of (non-ionic) poly(stearyl methacrylate)-gra/f-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers. 

Lyon s group prepared aqueous microgels by copolymerization of NIPAAm with hydrophobic [tert-butyl acrylamide (TBAm)] and pH-sensitive acrylic acid monomers [73],... 

Low-temperamre plasma-induced grafting modifications of ultrafiltration membrane to yield hydrophilic nanofiltration membranes. In an investigation by Zhao et al. [52], preparation of hydrophilic nanofiltration membranes has been successfully accomphshed using a procedure consisting of plasma irradiation and subsequent grafting in gas of acrylic acid monomers on poly(acrylonittile) UF membrane. 

Acrylic acid monomer unit in carbomer resins. 

Figure 3.1-7 A series of FTIR spectra obtained from a modified ATR-FTIR probe inserted into a high pressure autoclave. The spectra were collected over a period of 40 min and show the depletion of acrylic acid monomer in a concentrated (30% by volume) SCCO2 solution at 70 °C and 180 bar in the presence of AIBN initiator. The bands observed correspond well with those observed previously for acrylic acid in supercritical ethene [64].

KLE Kleiner, M., Tumakaka, F., Sadowski, G., Latz, H., and Buback, M., Phase equilibria in poly disperse and associating copolymer solutions Poly(ethene-co-(meth)acrylic acid) monomer mixtures, Fluid Phase Equil, 241, 113, 2006. 

Synonyms E/ A Poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) 2-Propenoic acid with ethene 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with ethene Detinition Copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid monomers Formula (CH2CH2),[CH2CH(CQ2H)],... 

Smdies involving complexes between PAA (43 kDa) and PC vesicles were conducted using fluorescence spectroscopy, calorimetry, and monolayer techniques. Using acenaphthylene dye-labeled PAA, it was shown that binding increased dramatically below pH 4.5 for EPC-LUVs. At pH 3.8, the saturation PAA content was 1.0 mg of PAA per 1.5 mg of phospholipid, or-4600 polymer chains per vesicle, or 7 acrylic acid monomer units per phospholipid assuming a numher of parameters including the fact that vesicles remained intact. DSC traces showed the for DPPC-MLVs shifted from 41.1 to 44.5 °C as the pH was lowered from 7.6 to 3.8. At pH = 4.6, there were two approximately equally sized transitions at 41.1 and 44.2 C. 

Definition Copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid monomers... 

In Table 5.17 the rosin ester resin promotes film formation on the printed image, the vinyl resin is a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate resin containing acrylic acid monomer units for improving adhesion to substrates. 

As shown in Fig. 4.4.2, it takes a relatively small amount (at least 10%) of ionic component in a molecule for it to exhibit surfactancy. This is achievable with the FRRPP process, because one can always add an acid monomer to react with a hydrophobic polymer radical even in the presence of unreacted hydrophobic monomer. The example is when methacrylic acid was added to polystyrene radicals even at 30% styrene conversion to produce an amphiphilic S-block-(S-stat-MAA) amphiphilic material (see Section 4.2). Methacrylic and acrylic acid monomers are normally reactive to polymer radicals in general, as it can be seen from their reactivity ratios. When amine-PDMS was reacted with the acid groups of the... 

Brown [39] has described an HPLC method for the determination of acrylic acid monomer in polyacrylate in which a known mass of polymer (500 mg) is added to 50 ml of a methanohdistilled water mixture (1 + 1) and allowed to stand overnight to complete the extraction of the monomer from the polymer. Various mixtures of methanol and distilled water (range 1 + 99 to 99 + 1 50 ml) are added to the polymer for 1, 2, 8 or 24 hours. 

AFM can be used to follow the deposition of thin films over time. Simple thickness measurements can be performed by either scoring the film with a scalpel after deposition or masking part of the substrate before deposition of the film, and measuring the height of the step created. In Fig. 2.5, plasma polymer films grown from acrylic acid monomer are shown to grow initially as discrete islands, which then coalesce and eventually form a flat, pinhole-free film after approximately 240 s. This result is contrary to the often-stated view of plasma deposition that films always grow as a conformal layer. 

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