Ethyl methacrylic acid latexes

Kang, K., Kan, C., Du,Y, and Liu, D. 2005. Synthesis and properties of soap-fi ee poly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) latex particles prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization. Eur. Polym. 7.41 439-45. 

In the agglomeration step, the latexes are partially agglomerated using a core/shell agglomerating agent latex, which consists of an elastomeric 1,3-butadiene/slyrene copolymer core and an ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer shell. This partial agglomeration operation should not be confused with a coagulation operation where the emulsion is fully destabilized (13). 

Armes et al. [49] have reported the use of pH-responsive microgels based solely on 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA) as colloidal templates for the in situ synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs). The swollen microgels can be used as nanoreactors efficient impregnation with PtNPs can be achieved by incorporating precursor platinum compounds, followed by metal reduction. Addition of platinic acid, H2PtCl6, to the latex particles causes the protonation of the tertiary amine... 

Photoacoustic FITR (PA-FTIR) is based on measuring the heat associated wifli absrsption of IR lacfiation. The heat generated is released to an inert gas above the sample. The sample can be analysed in the form of a film, and the depth from whidi a signal is obtained can be varied [62]. Evanson et al. [59,60] u PA-FTlR and ATR-PTIR to study die molecular interactions between surfactants and poIy(ethyl acrylate(EA)-methacrylic acid(MAA)) latex and the surface oirichment with nonionic and anioiic surfactants on films formed from die latex. 

Muller and coworkers prepared disc-like polymer Janus particles from assembled films of the triblock copolymer SBM and, after hydrolysis of the ester groups into methacrylic acid units, used these as Pickering stabilizer in the soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate [111]. Armes and coworkers described the synthesis of PMMA/siUca nanocomposite particles in aqueous alcoholic media using silica nanoparticles as stabilizer [112], extending this method to operate in water with a glycerol-modified silica sol [113, 114]. Sacanna showed that methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane [115] in the presence of nanosized silica led to spontaneous emulsification in water, which upon a two-step polymerization procedure afforded armored particles with an outer shell of PMMA [116]. Bon and coworkers demonstrated the preparation of armored hybrid polymer latex particles via emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate stabilized by unmodified silica nanoparticles (Ludox TM O) [117]. Performance of an additional conventional seeded emulsion polymerization step provided a straightforward route to more complex multilayered nanocomposite polymer colloids (see Fig. 14). 

Vinyl acetate/vinyl Versatate 42-00 FILM FORMER Methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/acrylic acid latex 26-00... 

The migration of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate to the film-air(F-A) and film-substrate(F-S) interfaces during coalescence of a methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate latex functionalised with methacrylic acid was monitored by IR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic techniques. Both F-A and F-S interfaces showed surfactant enrichment, revealing a nearly parabolic distribution of surfactant throughout the film. 11 refs. 

In a recent study, Tuncel and Serpen [86] used a macromonomer of a very short polyoxyethylene chain (n = 3) and an ethyl methacrylate polymerizable group, which was applied to emulsion copolymerization of styrene and methacrylic acid. The effects of concentrations of reactants on the particle size and on the polymerization rate were studied in detail, but no data concerning the stability of the latexes have been reported. 

The only conventional synthetic thickeners used in substantial amounts in water-based coatings are the alkali-soluble emulsions (ASE). These are supplied in liquid form as low viscosity water-insoluble latexes at low pH. In use they are neutralized with anmonia or a volatile aminoalcohol to provide thickening. The most commonly used ASEs are copolymers of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate. Some are lightly crosslinked with a small amount (<1%) of a polyfimctional monomer to enhance viscosity. The ASEs are similar to the cellulosics in theology, but more bioresistant and somewhat more water sensitive. 

Nanosized PS latexes in the range of 1.0-3.0 pm were prepared [61] by dispersion polymerization of styrene in isopropanol water media using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a steric stabilizer and 2,2-azobis isobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Styrene/acrylate monomers, acrylic acid, 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate were copolymerized onto one of the previously synthesized latex particles to obtain the different surface functionalities. 

A 62 35 3 ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer latex was prepared by continuous addition of the monomer mixture over a 4-hour period at 80° (22). The emulsifier was a sodium lauryl ether sulfate-nonylphenol polyoxyethylene adduct (20 moles ethylene oxide) mixture, the initiator a potassium persulfate-sodium hydroxulfite mixture, and the buffer a sodium bicarbonate-potassium hydroxide mixture. The final latex of pH 6.5 contained 40% solids, and the Tg of the copolymer was 13°. 

Copolymers containing allyl methacrylate have found application as an additive to other resin to enhance the properties of the system. For example, in one patent disclosure, an aqueous emulsion polymer was formed in water using 0.03 gm of sodium carbonate, 50 gm of methyl methacrylate, 2.0 gm of ethyl acrylate, and 0.1 gm of allyl methacrylate, and 0.40 gm of the sodium salt of an allyl Ci3-alkyl ester of sulfosuccinic acid. The polymerization was initiated with sodium persulfate and heated at 83°C for 1 hr. To this latex, 40 gm of butyl acrylate, 10 gm of styrene, 1.0 gm of allyl methacrylate, and another 0.40 gm of the above surfactant were added while polymerization continued. In a third... 

The monomers which have been investigated include methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate ester, hydroxy acrylates and methacrylates, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylamide, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid, vinyl pyrollidone and styrenec Many copolymer latexes of these monomers have also been preparedc Undoubtedly the most amenable system for model studies is methyl methacrylate in aliphatic hydrocarbono... 

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