Ester, acrylic acid

Acrylic acid, the main precursor to acrylic adhesives had been synthesized in the mid 1800s and the first acrylic acid esters were made and characterized at the turn of the century [62]. The first commercial launch of acrylic polymers in the form of poly(methylmethacrylate) took place in 1927 when the German company Rohm and Haas AG introduced this new plastic to the market. Soon after, other companies such as BASF introduced acrylic dispersions. 

Ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymerisate, EEA, shows high heat resistance and high elasticity at low temperatures. 

The addition of comonomers during the polymerization enables a higher flexibility compared to PVAc-homopolymerizates. This results in a lower glass transition temperature and a lower minimum temperature of the film formation. Possible comonomers are acrylic acid esters (butylacrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate), dialkylfumarates, ethylene and others. 

Yuki, H. and Hatada, K. Sterospecific Polymerization of Alpha-Substituted Acrylic Acid Esters. Vol. 31, pp. 31, pp. 1—45. 

W. Ritter, C. Meyer, W. Zollner, C. P. Herold, and S. von Tapavicza. Copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid esters as flow improvers in oils. Patent US 5039432, 1991. 

Partially saponified poly(vinyl acetate) Fully saponified poly(vinyl acetate) Copolymers with crotonic acid Copolymers with vinyl acetate with methacrylic acid with acrylic acid esters with acrylonitrile with styrene with ethyl vinyl ether with butadiene... 

The same group has developed another synthetically useful photochemically induced domino transformation. Irradiation of the enaminecarbaldehydes 5-40a or 5-40b in the presence of acrylic acid ester 5-41a or acrylonitrile 5-41b afforded the quinolizidines 5-45a and 5-45b as well as the pyrido[l,2-a]azepines 5-45c and 5-45d, respectively, with high stereoselectivity [14]. Only very small amounts of the corresponding diastereomers 5-46a-d were detected. 

Ring opening of the pyrazole ring of 133 with benzylamine, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrazine hydrate takes place regioselectively affording the acrylic acid esters 134 (Equation 13) <2003MI1>. 

Emulsion paints are based on aqueous synthetic resin dispersions, which afford a lacquer-like paint film. The resin dispersions which are commonly used by the paint industry contain water as the carrier phase. A large number of such dispersions are available, based on different resins such as poly(vinyl acetate), which may be employed as a copolymer with vinyl chloride, maleic dibutyl ester, ethylene, acrylic acid esters, polyacrylic resin, and copolymers of the latter with various monomers, as well as styrene-butadiene or poly(vinyl propionate). These disper-... 

For the Diels-Alder reaction, polymer-bound acrylic acid ester (73) was treated with cyclopentadiene. The cycloaddition product (74) was formed with an endo/exo ratio of 2.5 1 and with quantitative conversion. The subsequent enzymatic release delivered the corresponding alcohols (72, 75) in high yield and purity. 

The cationic chiral Lewis acids 10, generated from the corresponding oxazaboroli-dines by protonation by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, are excellent catalysts for the enantioselective reaction of 2-substituted acroleins, a-unsaturated a,p-enones, a-unsaturated acrylic acid esters, and a-unsaturated acrylic acids with a variety... 

Other 2-substituted cyclopropylideneacetates of type 3-X also entered this cycloaddition (Scheme 15) [19]. The endolexo selectivity is low but usually still higher than that of simple acrylic acid esters. The relative Diels-Alder reactivities of dienophiles 1-Me and 3-X as determined by competition experiments (Scheme 15) suggest a mechanism involving either diradicals or zwitterions as intermediates [19]. Surprisingly, the 2-fluoro derivative 3-F is less reactive than the parent compound 3-H. The 2-chloro and 2-bromo derivatives 1-Me and 3-Br have similar reactivities and cycloadd to furan (57) about 16 times faster than methyl acrylate. 

Oxygenated organics Acrylic acid esters, epichlorohydrin Monomers may escape from polymers... 

The oxime derived from 2-furfural has been used for the first time as an electron-rich 1-azadiene by Kusurkar and Bhosale (91TL3199) (Scheme 16). Thus, 2-furfuraldoxime 60 undergoes at 120°C [4 + 2] cycloaddition to acrylonitrile, acrylic acid esters, and maleic anhydride to give stereoiso-meric cycloadducts 61 and 62. The isomeric fused pyridines obtained were not separated, but dehydrogenated to the corresponding furo[2,3-c]pyridine N-oxide derivatives. 

Anisotropic oriented materials consisting of aromatic acrylate acid esters, (V), were prepared by Saitoh et al. (5) and used in optical film. 

Hazards Associated with Organic Chemical Manufacturing Esterification Process for Acrylic Acid Esters Production, Mitre Corp., McLean, VA, Report No. MTR-79W00378-01, April 1980. 

B. Vollmert, Impact-resistant plastic compositions comprising a styrene polymer and a cross-linked acrylic acid ester polymer, and process for preparing same, US Patent 3 055 859, assigned to BASF AG, September 25,1962. 

Esters of racemic pyrazolidine-3-carboxylic acid (5-azaproline, 16) are obtained by a two-step reaction via addition of diazomethane to acrylic acid esters to form the corresponding dihydropyrazoline derivatives, which are converted into the desired pyrazolidine-3-carb-oxylic acid derivative by hydrogenation over palladium on charcoal,11621 or by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride,[164l or with zinc in acetic acid. Details are given in Table 6J1651... 

Acrylic acid esters - [ACRYLIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES] (Vol 1)... 

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