Ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid

In the agglomeration step, the latexes are partially agglomerated using a core/shell agglomerating agent latex, which consists of an elastomeric 1,3-butadiene/slyrene copolymer core and an ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer shell. This partial agglomeration operation should not be confused with a coagulation operation where the emulsion is fully destabilized (13). 

Figure 12. Monomer feed profile using a linear power feed. Overall polymer composition 47.5/47.5/5—styrene/ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid.

The freeze/thaw (F/T) stability of a polymer emulsion serves as a macroscopic probe for investigating the properties of the average particle in a polymer emulsion. A review of the factors which contribute to this stability is included. A study of styrene-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid polymers shows the existence of a minimum in the plot of minimum weight percent acid required for F/T stability vs. the minimum film formation temperature (MFT) of the polymer. This is considered to be a function of both the amount of associated surfactant and the minimum acid content. Thus, both the type of surfactant and the copolymer ratio—i.e., MFT—play major roles. Chain transfer between radicals and polyether surfactant resulting in covalently bonded surfactant-polymer combinations is important in interpreting the results. 

Methyl Methacrylate—Ethyl Acrylate—Methacrylic Acid (MMA—EA— MAA) Terpolymers. In an earlier paper (22, 23) values for the MFT of each of a series of acrylic copolymer emulsions were obtained by calculating Tff values using the equation of Wood (34), ignoring the presence of methacrylic acid. These were then converted to MFT values using available literature data (20, 24) and by extrapolating and interpolating the straight line obtained. The MFT values for these identical emulsions at pH 9.5 have now been determined experimentally, and these data are compared in Table II. Values for MFT s below 0°C. could not be obtained experimentally. 

To this end, work has been initiated on a series of somewhat less polar styrene-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid emulsion polymers. The first major difference encountered in changing from the MMA-EA-MAA to the S-EA-MAA polymers was the need for at least a 50% increase in surfactant to obtain a coagulate-free emulsion for the 100% styrene vs. 100% methyl methacrylate. The determination of the minimum weight percent of MAA required to yield a F/T stable emulsion for various copolymers gave the results listed in Table III. 

Bulk addition multipolymerization kinetics occurs when two monomers are employed. Bulk free-radical homopolymerizations and copolymerizations that are implemented in REX include a) styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-methyl methacrylate, styrene-acrylamide b) methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile, ABS c) acrylate ester mixtures d) ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid and mixtures with other monomers e) methyl methacrylate f) 8-caprolactone and, n-isopropylacrylamide-acrylic... 

ETHYL ACRYLATE-METHACRYLIC ACID EMULSION COPOLYMER PARTICLES... 

Details are given of the preparation of model ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer latices by non-seeded semicontinuous emulsion copolymerisation. Polydispersity was examined using dynamic and static light scattering. Correlations between hydrodynamic volume and viscosity properties of the dispersions are discussed. The different character of the particle structure was confirmed by differences in particle disintegration after alkali addition or in the presence of methanol. 19 refs. 

Ethyl acrylate Methacrylic acid 2-Ethylhexyl maleate... 

Poly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) particles were synthesized by using a seeded soap-free emulsion polymerization process to obtain clean surfaces and surface carboxylic groups [115], Authors found that in this case dropwise addition process was better than batchswelling process to produce large particles with narrow size distribution. 

Kang, K., Kan, C., Du,Y, and Liu, D. 2005. Synthesis and properties of soap-fi ee poly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) latex particles prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization. Eur. Polym. 7.41 439-45. 

Appl. July 16, 1990. Coating recipe contains Polyox , WSRN-3000, TMPTA 21.00, TMPEOTA, Poly(methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid) (51/29/20), Benzophenone, o-Cl-HABI, Leuco Crystal Violet, N-Phenyl glycine. Sensitizer (JAW). 

Propenoic acid amide, see Acrylamide 2-Propenoic acid, ethyl ester, see Ethyl acrylate Propenoic acid, methyl ester, see Methyl acrylate 2-Propenoic acid, methyl ester, see Methyl acrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl methyl ester, see Methyl methacrylate... 

Cycloaddition using the unusually functionalized 2-diazo-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-nitropropane (15) could be achieved with methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid chloride, and esters (Scheme 8.5), but not with the 1,2-disubstituted C=C bonds of p-nitrostyrene, ethyl cinnamate, and 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one (42). In these cycloadditions, 15 is considerably less reactive than 2-diazo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane... 

Ethyl acrylate Butyl acrylate 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Methacrylic acid... 

Monomers were purchased from Polysciences, Inc. The liquid monomers (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, styrene and a-methylstyrene) were purified by vacuum distillation under nitrogen, poured into thin-walled ampules, degassed at 10 - 10 torr and subsequently frozen in liquid nitrogen. The partially filled ampules were then inserted between a pair of parallel plate electrodes connected to an International Plasma Corporation Model 3001 Radiofrequency Generator, which operates at 13.56 MHz and delivers up to 150 watts of power. In most of these experiments discussed in this work, the power input was limited to 40 - 80 watts. The ampules were allowed to warm up until droplets of liquids appeared. A glow discharge was then in-Current address Department of Chemistry, Ibaraki, University, Mito 310 Japan... 

Butyl acrylate-butyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer Methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacryhc acid copolymer Poly(sodium 10-undecenyl sulfate) (polySUS)... 

Orientations in elongated mbbers are sometimes regular to the extent that there is local crystallization of individual chain segments (e.g., in natural rubber). X-ray diffraction patterns of such samples are very similar to those obtained from stretched fibers. The following synthetic polymers are of technical relevance as mbbers poly(acrylic ester)s, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polychloroprenes, butadiene/styrene copolymers, styrene/butadiene/styrene tri-block-copolymers (also hydrogenated), butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers (also hydrogenated), ethylene/propylene co- and terpolymers (with non-conjugated dienes (e.g., ethylidene norbomene)), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ethyl-ene/methacrylic acid copolymers (ionomers), polyisobutylene (and copolymers with isoprene), chlorinated polyethylenes, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, polyurethanes, silicones, poly(fluoro alkylene)s, poly(alkylene sulfide)s. 

A number of acrylic resins are used for bonding cloth, plastics, leather and, in some cases, metal foils. The acrylic monomers most commonly used in adhesives are ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile. The polymers or copolymers are soluble in common organic solvents and can be supplied in much the same manner as other solvent-based systems. In addition, the polymers are soluble in the monomers. When a catalyst is added, monomers polymerize, thus providing good bonding to glass and to plastic surfaces of similar composition (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate). " ... 

April 30,1986. Photopolymer positive surprint color proofing film based on epoxy acrylate monomer exhibits low dot gain, low time dependence of toning and good tonal range. Binder can be methyl-methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/acryhc acid copolymer, preferably crosslinked with zinc ions and plasticized with a second acrylate monomer and a mixture of triacetin and trimethylol propane. 

Methyl, ethyl and allyl acrylate were first prepared in 1873 by Caspary and Tollens, and of these materials the last was observed to polymerise. In 1880 Kahlbaum reported the polymerisation of methyl acrylate and at approximately the same time Fittig found that methacrylic acid and some of its derivatives readily polymerised. 

MMA, styrene, 2-hydroxy ethyl methyacrylate, 2-hy-droxypropyl methacrylate, acrylic and methacrylic acids, acrylamide and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) [64]. By this process, polyurethane is partially converted to N-chloro or N-bromo derivatives by a short immersion... 

During mutual graft copolymerization, homopolymerization always occurs. This is one of the most important problems associated with this technique. When this technique is applied to radiation-sensitive monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, polyfunctional acrylates, and their esters, homopolymer is formed more rapidly than the graft. With the low-molecular weight acrylate esters, particularly ethyl acrylate, the homopolymer problem is evidenced not so much by high yields as by erratic and irreproducible grafting. 

A variety of ionomers have been described in the research literature, including copolymers of a) styrene with acrylic acid, b) ethyl acrylate with methacrylic acid, and (c) ethylene with methacrylic acid. A relatively recent development has been that of fluorinated sulfonate ionomers known as Nafions, a trade name of the Du Pont company. These ionomers have the general structure illustrated (10.1) and are used commercially as membranes. These ionomers are made by copolymerisation of the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon monomers with minor amounts of the appropriate acid or ester. Copolymerisation is followed by either neutralisation or hydrolysis with a base, a process that may be carried out either in solution or in the melt. 

A polymeric composition for reducing fluid loss in drilling muds and well cement compositions is obtained by the free radical-initiated polymerization of a water-soluble vinyl monomer in an aqueous suspension of lignin, modified lignins, lignite, brown coal, and modified brown coal [705,1847]. The vinyl monomers can be methacrylic acid, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, vinylacetate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, N-methylmethacrylamide, N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide, vinyl sulfonate, and additional AMPS. In this process a grafting process to the coals by chain transfer may occur. 

Hydration of polymeric membranes may be influenced by the chemical identity of the polymers. A hydrophilic polymer has a higher potential to hydrate than a hydrophobic one. Sefton and Nishimura [56] studied the diffusive permeability of insulin in polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (37.1% water), polyhydroxy-ethyl acrylate (51.8% water), polymethacrylic acid (67.5% water), and cupro-phane PT-150 membranes. They found that insulin diffusivity through polyacrylate membrane was directly related to the weight fraction of water in the membrane system under investigation (Fig. 17). 

Partially saponified poly(vinyl acetate) Fully saponified poly(vinyl acetate) Copolymers with crotonic acid Copolymers with vinyl acetate with methacrylic acid with acrylic acid esters with acrylonitrile with styrene with ethyl vinyl ether with butadiene... 

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