MA, methacrylic acid

XS = sulfonation, M = methylolation, MO = miscellaneous oxidation, G = grafting, P = phenolation, CM = carboxymethylation, MAC = maleic anhydride copolymerization, MCR = miscellaneous carboxyla-tion reactions, E = epichlorohydrin (also in conjunction with pheno-lated lignin), A = alkoxylation (i.e., ethylene, propylene, and butylene oxides), M+EP = modification with compounds containing unsaturated end groups ( divalent hydrocarbons ) followed by epoxidation with peroxide, MA = methacrylic acid. 

PP poly(propylene), PS poly(styrene), MAH maleic anhydride, MA methacrylic acid, S styrene, PE poly(ethylene), PPE poly(phenylene ether), LDPE low-density PE, EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, SAN styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, EPR ethylene-propylene copolymer, NMAC A -methacrylyl caprolactam, GMA glycidyl methacrylate, FA fumaric acid, AEFO anhydride and epoxide functionalized olefin copolymer, SEBS styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene copolymer, HDPE high-density PE, AN acrylonitrile, and S-MAH-MMA styrene-maleic anhydride-methyl methacrylate copolymer. 

PyGC is also an effective method for identifying and differentiating the organic binder of paint. In some cases, paint additives may readily be detected and identified. Automotive paint binder types can be identified on mg-sized samples of topcoat. Challinor [567] has evidenced various phthalates (DBP, BBP, BCP) in a methyl methacrylate (MMA)-butyl methacrylate (BMA) copolymer, BBP in a MMA-BMA-MA (methacrylic acid) terpolymer, DBP and BCP in MMA-MA copolymer and BBP in MMA-EA (ethylacrylate) copolymer. Paint additives may also be identified in architectural paints. Dimethyl orthophthalate (DMOP) was detected in an architectural alkyd enamel which had been subjected to simultaneous pyrolysis methylation (SPM) [635]. Industrial finishes on a beverage can also contain a variety of plasticisers (DMA, DMOP, DMIP), as also determined by SMP-GC [567]. 

EMA ethylene-methacrylic acid EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate MA methacrylic acid VA vinyl acetate ... 

Figure 19.2 Different monomers used in cmrent contact lens production. Me methane or CH MA methacrylic acid HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate MMA methyl methacrylate VP N-vinyl pyrrolidone TRIS 3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy propylbis(trimethylsUoxy)methylsilane and PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane used as the main chain for some Si-Hy CL materials.

For flexible chain copolymers based on acrylic and methacrylic acids (AA and MA) crosslinked with a polyvinyl component, the inhomogeneity of the structures formed depends on the nature of the crosslinking agent, its content in the reaction mixture and the thermodynamic quality of the solvent [13,14],... 

Thomas et al. [64] prepared copolymers of 1-pyreneacrylic acid with acrylic acid (AA), 17, and with methacrylic acid (MA), 18, incorporating not more than one pyrene unit per polymer chain. The mole ratios of pyrene to AA and MA units were 1150 and 1390, respectively. The molecular weights of 17 and 18 were 8.3 x lO4... 

Our requirements for certain applications called for the preparation of block copolymers of styrene and alkali metal methacrylates with molecular weights of about 20,000 and methacrylate contents of about 10 mol%. In this report we describe the preparation and reactions of S-b-MM and S-b-tBM. In the course of our investigation, we have found several new methods for the conversion of alkyl methacrylate blocks into methacrylic acid and/or metal methacrylate blocks. Of particular interest is the reaction with trimethylsilyl iodide. Under the same mild conditions, MM blocks are completely unreactive, while tBM blocks are cleanly converted to either methacrylic acid or metal methacrylate blocks. As a consequence of this unexpected selectivity, we also report the preparation of the new block copolymers, poly(methyl methacrylate-b-potassium methacrylate) (MM-b-MA.K) and poly(methyl methacrvlate-b-methacrylic acid) (MM-b-MA). 

Methacrylic acid MA Elardness Machineability Wettability Gas transmissibility Elydrophobicity... 

The linkage between two chains can also be ionic. Thus the copolymer between ethylene and methacrylic acid (MA) (up to 15% MA), made by free radical polymerisation, yields a polymer with pendant carboxyl groups. Neutralisation with zinc ions gives a crosslinked, thermo-reversible polymer (Surlyn ). The resulting polymer (ionomer) has limited properties, although it is the favoured material for the outer covering of golf balls. 

Yessine MA, Meier C, Petereit HU et al (2006) On the role of methacrylic acid copolymers in the intracellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 63 1-10... 

TFEMA), necessary for preparation of functional water repellent paints and optical fiber coating agents. TFEMA can be manufactured by esterification of TFEA and methacrylic acid (MA) in the presence of an acid catalyst, at 70 °C. To obtain a higher conversion rate it is necessary to remove the water from the system, avoiding the formation of the thermodynamic equilibrium composition. 

Fig. 1 Chemical structures of the polymers commonly used for preparation of beads poly (styrene-co-maleic acid) (=PS-MA) poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (=PMMA-MA) poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (=PAN-AA) polyvinylchloride (=PVC) polysulfone (=PSulf) ethylcellulose (=EC) cellulose acetate (=CAc) polyacrylamide (=PAAm) poly(sty-rene-Wocfc-vinylpyrrolidone) (=PS-PVP) and Organically modified silica (=Ormosil). PS-MA is commercially available as an anhydride and negative charges on the bead surface are generated during preparation of the beads...

Figure 41. A plot of sensitivity to Mo (5.4k) x-ray radiation and 20 kV electron beam radiation for several resists. EPB is epoxidized polybutadiene, P(GMA-EA) is a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate (COP), PGMA is poly (glycidyl methacrylate), PBS is poly (butene-1 -sulfone), FBM-1 is poly (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate), P(MMA-MA) is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, PMMA is poly (methyl methacrylate). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 56J...

According to their recent reports [11], 5 provides livingness of polymerization for styrene (ST) and methyl methacrylic acid (MA). Irrespective of the type of monomer, the initiator efficiency / was over 0.9, and the polydis-persity index, Mw/Mn (Mw weight-average molecular weight, Mn number-average molecular weight), was close to unity (approximately 1.2). The polymerization rate was very low (on the order of an hour), i.e., a very slow... 

Table 5.5 Template copolymerization of methacrylic acid, MA, with styrene (S), acrylic acid, AA, or methyl methacrylate, MM. Template PEG 20,000. solventdoluene...

Q = 1.4 and e = 0.46 were determined from the results of the copolymerization of the complex monomer 26 with methacrylic acid. The reactivity of the MA anion (Q = 0.9, e = —1.0) was affected by coordination to the Co(III) complex. In other words coordination, decreased the electron density of the vinyl group. 

Complementary results for polyacid gels have also been obtained. In studies using copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methacrylic acid (MA), at a 78/22 monomolar ratio, Chou et al. [45] measured swelling rates in both unbuffered and buffered solutions. In these gels, ionization occurs by... 

Copolymers of ethylene (E) or propylene (P) with acrylic acid (AA) or methacrylic acid (MA) were obtained from SP2 (USA) and used as received (EAA, PAA, PEAA, PMA). Copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol (EVOH) were prepared by hydrolysis (NaOH 0,5M in methanol, reflux, 48 h), of commercial ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA, Elf-Atochem) containing 5, 9, 14, and 18 w% of acetate. Hydroperoxides of EPDM based on 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (0.7 mol Kg 1, Exxon) and polyoctenamer (Vestenamer, VEST, Hiils) resulted from a reaction of polymer films with singlet oxygen. 

The stable polymer dispersions with small-sized polymer particles of diameter >60 nm were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of PEO-MA macromonomer with styrene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylic and methacrylic acids, and butadiene at 60 °C [79]. The particle size was reported to decrease with increasing macromonomer fraction in the comonomer feed. Besides, it varied with the type of the classical monomer as a comonomer. Tg of polymer product was found to be a function of the copolymer composition, the weight ratio macromonomer/monomer, and monomer type and varied from 50.6 to 220.4 °C. 

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