Methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate

A similar concept was used in the development of artificial chymotrypsin mimics [54]. The esterase-site was modeled by using the phosphonate template 75 as a stable transition state analogue (Scheme 13.19). The catalytic triad of the active site of chymotrypsin - that is, serine, histidine and aspartic acid (carboxy-late anion) - was mimicked by imidazole, phenolic hydroxy and carboxyl groups, respectively. The catalytically active MIP catalyst 76 was prepared using free radical polymerization, in the presence of the phosphonate template 75, methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and AIBN. The template removal conditions had a decisive influence on the efficiency of the polymer-mediated catalysis, and best results were obtained with aqueous Na2CC>3. 

Another example of new sorbents is the molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) from the work of Siemann and co-workers (1996). They synthesized a methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer with atrazine as an imprint molecule. Imprint synthesis entails polymerization around an imprint species with monomers that are selected for their ability to form specific and definable interactions with the imprint molecule. The atrazine is chemically removed from the polymer leaving holes or cavities. The cavities are formed in the polymer matrix whose size and shape are complementary to that of the imprint molecule (Siemann et al., 1996). These recognition sites enable the polymer to rebind the imprint species selectively from a mixture of closely related compounds, in many instances with binding affinities approaching those demonstrated by antigen-antibody systems. 

Wei, R, Fan, Y., Zhang, M., and Feng, Y.-Q., Poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith in-tube solid-phase microextraction applied to simultaneous analysis of some amphetamine derivatives in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 26, 3141, 2005. 

Fan, Y. Feng, Y. Da, S. Shi, Z. Poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary for in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography and its application to determination of basic drugs in human serum. Analyriica Chimica Acta 2004, 523, 251-258. 

Solid-phase extraction is also often used to remove interfering coextracted compounds. Solid-phase extraction columns contain either non-polar reversed-phase Cig sorbents or polar sorbents (such as alumina, aminopropyl acid, and propylsulfonic acid). Matrix solid-phase dispersion cleanup using reversed-phase Cig material has been also employed for the determination of oxohnic acid in catfish muscle.In-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) based on poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-EGDMA) monolith coupled to high-preformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence detection (FED) was... 

Wei F, Zhang M, Feng Y-Q (2006) Application of poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis to the determination of opiates in human urine. Electrophoresis 27(10) 1938-1948... 

Abbreviations AA acrylamide MAA methacrylic acid TFMAA 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate MMA methyl methacrylate EDMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate DVB divinylbenzene TRIM trimethylolpropane... 

AA = acrylic acid, MAA = melhacrylic acid, DMAEMA = N, Ai-dimethylaminoelhyl melhaciylale, TBAEMA = (-butylaminoelhyl melhacrylate, HEA = 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, HEMA = 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, HPA = 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, HPMA = 2-hydtoxypropyl methacrylate, AM = acrylamide, GMA = glycidyl methacrylate, EGDMA = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, BGDMA = 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylale, ALA4A = allyl methacrylate. 

Acryhc stmctural adhesives have been modified by elastomers in order to obtain a phase-separated, toughened system. A significant contribution in this technology has been made in which acryhc adhesives were modified by the addition of chlorosulfonated polyethylene to obtain a phase-separated stmctural adhesive (11). Such adhesives also contain methyl methacrylate, glacial methacrylic acid, and cross-linkers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [97-90-5]. The polymerization initiation system, which includes cumene hydroperoxide, N,1S7-dimethyl- -toluidine, and saccharin, can be apphed to the adherend surface as a primer, or it can be formulated as the second part of a two-part adhesive. Modification of cyanoacrylates using elastomers has also been attempted copolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene ethylene copolymers with methylacrylate or copolymers of methacrylates with butadiene and styrene have been used. However, because of the extreme reactivity of the monomer, modification of cyanoacrylate adhesives is very difficult and material purity is essential in order to be able to modify the cyanoacrylate without causing premature reaction. 

Third Monomers. In order to achieve certain property improvements, nitrile mbber producers add a third monomer to the emulsion polymerization process. When methacrylic acid is added to the polymer stmcture, a carboxylated nitrile mbber with greatly enhanced abrasion properties is achieved (9). Carboxylated nitrile mbber carries the ASTM designation of XNBR. Cross-linking monomers, eg, divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, produce precross-linked mbbers with low nerve and die swell. To avoid extraction losses of antioxidant as a result of contact with fluids duriag service, grades of NBR are available that have utilized a special third monomer that contains an antioxidant moiety (10). FiaaHy, terpolymers prepared from 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, and isoprene are also commercially available. 

The CSPs prepared by the molecular imprint technique have also been used for chiral resolution by CEC [98-100]. Lin et al. [91] synthesized L-aromatic amino acid-imprinted polymers using azobisnitriles with either photoinitiators or thermal initiators at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 60° C. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as the cross-linker. The resulting polymers were ground and sieved to a particle size less than 10 pm, filled into the capillary columns, and used for enantiomeric separations of some amino acids at different temperatures. The relationships of separation factor and column temperatures were demonstrated to be linear between the logarithm of the separation factors and the inverse of the absolute temperature (Fig. 24). The authors also compared the obtained chiral resolution with the chiral resolution achieved by HPLC and reported the best resolution on CEC. The chromatograms of the chiral resolution of dl-... 

In another report, transparent channels (of width 500-200 pm and depth 50-180 pm) were filled with a photopolymerizable liquid mixture consisting of acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyl methacrylate (1 4 molar ratio), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (1 wt%), and a photoinitiator (3 wt% Irgacure 651 or 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone). Polymerization was completed in less than 20 s to produce the hydrogel structures [221]. 

Abbreviations y x AFM AIBN BuMA Ca DCP DMA DMS DSC EGDMA EMA EPDM FT-IR HDPE HTV IPN LDPE LLDPE MA MAA MDI MMA PA PAC PB PBT PBuMA PDMS PDMS-NH2 interfacial tension viscosity ratio atomic force microscopy 2,2 -azobis(isobutyronitrile) butyl methacrylate capillary number dicumyl peroxide dynamic mechanical analysis dynamic mechanical spectroscopy differential scanning calorimetry ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ethyl methacrylate ethylene-propylene-diene rubber Fourier transform-infra-red high density polyethylene high temperature vulcanization interpenetrating polymer network low density polyethylene linear low density polyethylene maleic anhydride methacrylic acid 4,4 -diphenylmethanediisocyanate methyl methacrylate poly( amide) poly( acrylate) poly(butadiene) poly(butylene terephtalate) poly(butyl methacrylate) poly(dimethylsiloxane) amino-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)... 

Mosbach and co-workers developed a method to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers by precipitation polymerization [24]. They started from a dilute, homogenous solution of the monomer methacrylic acid (MAA) and the crosslinker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The polymer formed in the presence of the template molecule 17/1-estradiol, theophylline, or caffeine contained a high proportion of discrete spheres of diameter less than a micron. Because the effect of coalescence becomes predominant with higher solid content of the reaction mixture, this approach is limited to solid contents of typically <2 wt%. 

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