Methacrylic acid methyl acrylate

DIHYDROFURAN DIVINYL ETHER METHACROLEIN 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL ganna-BUTYROLACTONE cis-CROTONIC ACID trans-CROTONIC ACID METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ACRYLATE VINYL ACETATE ACETIC ANHYDRIDE SUCCINIC ACID DIGLYCOLIC ACID MALIC ACID TARTARIC ACID n-BUTYRONITRILE ISOBUTYRONITRILE ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN... 

Ouchi et al. synthesized l,2-mono-0-isopropylidene-3-[3-(5-fluorouracil-l-yl)propionyl]-6-0-acryloyl-a-D-glucofuranose and copolymerized it with acrylamide [143], Ozaki et al. synthesized l-(meth)acryloyloxymethyl-5-fluorouracils and copolymerized with a number of comonomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate [144]. All the above mentioned polymer bound drugs possessed biological activity. 

Tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-) Acetylene Tetrachloride Tetrachloroethane Chlorotrifluoroethylene Trifluorochloroethylene Trifluorovinylch bride Methacrylic Acid Methyl Acrylic Acid Dichloroacetic Acid Nitropropane (2-) Cam phene Hexene Noryl GFN3 Cumene Hydroperoxide Bromobutyric Acid (2-) Methyl Methacrylate Cedar Wood Oil Lavender Oil Terpineol Eucalyptus Oil Tung Oil Sunflower Oil Soybean Oil Linseed Oil Cottonseed Oil Corn Oil Coconut Oil Benzalkonium Chloride Zephiran Chloride Creosote Cod Liver Oil Ceresin Castor Oil Bone Oil Pine Oil Rapeseed Oil Spermaceti Sperm Oil Tall Oil Cocoa Butter Red Oil Turkey Red Oil Neats Foot Oil Johnsons V fex 111 Palm Oil Vidden D Dowtherm Dowtherm A Lanolin Sassafras Oil Sandalwood Oil Santal Oil Rose Oil Nutmeg Butter Nutmeg Oil Cedar Leaf Oil Terpinyl Acetate Coal Tar Tar... 

Eethal concentration Median lethal dose Eow-density polyethylene Einear low-density polyethylene Maleic anhydride Methacrylic acid Methyl acrylate Methyl acrylate Methacrylonitrile Modified atmosphere packaging Methyl butyl ketone 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole 4,4 -Methylene dianiline Medium density fibreboard Magnesium hydroxide Methylene diisocyanate Medium density PE Monoethylhexyl phthalate Methylethyl ketone Melamine-formaldehyde Methyl isoamyl ketone... 

DL-Diepoxybutane Methacrylic acid Methyl acrylate Methyl acrylate polymer Succinaldehyde Vinyl acetate (C4H602)x... 

Pure polymeric acrylonitrile is not an interesting fiber and it is virtually undyeable. In order to make fibers of commercial iaterest acrylonitrile is copolymerized with other monomers such as methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, vinyl compounds, etc, to improve mechanical, stmctural, and dyeing properties. Eibers based on at least 85% of acrylonitrile monomer are termed acryHc fibers those containing between 35—85% acrylonitrile monomer, modacryhc fibers. The two types are in general dyed the same, although the type and number of dye sites generated by the fiber manufacturing process have an influence (see Eibers, acrylic). 

Synonyms Methacrylic acid, methyl ester methyl 2-methylpropenoic acid methyl a-methyl acrylate methyl methylacrylate 2-(methyoxycarbonyl)-1 -propene... 

Many substituents stabilize the monomer but have no appreciable effect on polymer stability, since resonance is only possible with the former. The net effect is to decrease the exothermicity of the polymerization. Thus hyperconjugation of alkyl groups with the C=C lowers AH for propylene and 1-butene polymerizations. Conjugation of the C=C with substituents such as the benzene ring (styrene and a-methylstyrene), and alkene double bond (butadiene and isoprene), the carbonyl linkage (acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate), and the nitrile group (acrylonitrile) similarly leads to stabilization of the monomer and decreases enthalpies of polymerization. When the substituent is poorly conjugating as in vinyl acetate, the AH is close to the value for ethylene. 

The heat of an emulsion polymerization is the same as that for the corresponding bulk or solution polymerization, since AH is essentially the enthalpy change of the propagation step. Thus, the heats of emulsion polymerization for acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate are —67, —77, and —58 kJ mol-1, respectively [McCurdy and Laidler, 1964], in excellent agreement with the AH values for the corresponding homogeneous polymerizations (Table 3-14). 

Fig. 23. Polymerization of monomers in masticating polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. Curves 1-6 1 ml methacrylic acid, styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate, respectively, in 3 g polystyrene. Curves 7-12 2 ml methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate, respectively, in 3g polymethyl methacrylate. The limiting viscosity numbers for points along Curves 2 and 3...

Moore. M.M., Amtower, A., Doerr, C.L., Brock, K.H. Dearfield, K.L. (1988) Genotoxicity of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Environ, mol. Mutag., 11,49-63... 

The vinyl monomers used in this study, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile, as well as the solvents, initiators, and polystyrene were supplied by the Aldrich Chemical Company. The styrene-butadiene block copolymer was supplied by Shell as Kraton D1102, known as SBS this contains approximately 75% butadiene and 25% styrene. 

In this laboratory we have studied the interaction of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, and acrylic acid with the goal of positively identifying the site of addition to the polymer and hence proving the type of reaction. A comparison of the results for both BPO and AIBN as initiators is suggestive of the actual mechanism and site of attachment but it is not conclusive proof of the actual site of attachment. 

D. D Jiang and C. A. Wilkie, Graft copolymerizalion of methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid and acrylic... 

Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(methacrylic acid). Poly(acrylic acid) (8) (PAA) may be prepared by polymerization of the monomer with conventional free-radical initiators using the monomer either undiluted (36) (with cross-linker for superadsorber applications) or in aqueous solution. Photochemical polymerization (sensitized by benzoin) of methyl acrylate in ethanol solution at —78° C provides a syndiotactic form (37) that can be hydrolyzed to syndiotactic PAA. From academic studies, alkaline hydrolysis of the methyl ester requires a lower time than acid hydrolysis of the polymeric ester, and can lead to oxidative degradation of the polymer (38). Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) (9) is prepared only by the direct polymerization of the acid monomer it is not readily obtained by the hydrolysis of methyl methacrylate. 

Baxendale and Wilson (1957) reported that in an oxygen-free environment Fenton s reagent initiates very rapid polymerization of methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, and styrene, and the... 

Vinyl lacquers are used mainly where a high degree of chemical resistance is required these lacquers are based on vinyl chlorides and vinyl acetates. Acrylic lacquers are based on methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate polymers and copolymers. Other esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid also may be used to make nonconvertible film formers. Judicious selection of these acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters allows one to produce film formers with specifically designed properties such as hardness, flexibility, gloss, durability, heat, and chemical resistance. Acrylic lacquers, however, are not noted for their water resistance. The principal uses of acrylic-type lacquers are fluorescent and metallic paints, car refinish applications, clear lacquers and sealers for metals, and protective coatings for aircraft components and for vacuum-deposited metals, as well as uses in pigmented coatings for cabinets and appliances. 

Commission Recommendation of 29 April 2004 on the results of the risk evaluation and the risk reduction strategies for the substances acetonitrile acrylamide acrylonitrile acrylic acid butadiene hydrogen fluoride hydrogen peroxide methacrylic acid methyl methacrylate toluene trichlorobenzene (2004/394/EC) 30.4.2004, Official Journal of the European Union, EC, 2004, No.L.144. 

Acrylamide, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine and /V-vinylpyrrolidone can be polymerized under similar conditions, and also after decomposition of a monomer-peroxide complex. On the other hand, styrene, methyl methacrylate, isoprene, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate and ascorbic acid do not polymerize under these conditions. Complex formation between persulphate and these monomer donors is more favourable energetically [165]. The complex is more stable, it is not decomposed into initiating radicals and polymerization does not occur. 

KORAD LPT LUCITE METAPLEX NO METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER POLYMERS METHYL METHACRYLATE HOMOPOLYMER METHYL METH.ACRYLATE POLYMER METHYL METHACRYLATE RESIN 2-METHYL-2-PROPENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER HOMOPOLYMER ORGANIC GLASS E 2 OSTEOBOND SURGICAL BONE CEMENT... 

Methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate capalymer (1 l)l°> Methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copalymer (1 1) dispersian 30%" > Methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate capalymer (1 1)W Methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer (1 Basic bulylated methacrylate copolymer Polyacrylate dispersion 30% ... 

The acrylate resinoids are esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid. Methyl methacrylate, CH2 = C(CH3)COOH3, is a liquid ester which polymerizes to a transparent resin of high tensile strength. The polymerization is brought about by catalysts such as peroxides and heat. The polymerization is assumed to take place by addition to form linear molecules ... 

Poly(acrylates) and poly(methacrylates) form another class of common polymers with saturated carbon chain backbone. Polyacrylates can be considered vinyl polymers with the -COOR group attached at every other carbon atom in the chain. However, due to their common use and particular properties, polyacrylates form a separate polymer class together with polymethacrylates. Among the most common polymers from this class are those obtained from acrylic acid methyl ester (PMA) and methylacrylic (methacrylic) acid methyl ester (PMMA). Acrylic polymers have many practical applications in automotive industry, in the production of medical materials, paints, coatings and lacquers, adhesives, textiles, and synthetic leather. Poly(methacrylic acid methyl ester) can be obtained in cast sheets with applications in technical components, furniture, building materials, etc. Formulas for poly(acrylic acid), two polyacrylates, and poly(methyl methacrylate) are shown below ... 

Poly(acrylic acid) Poly(methyl acrylate), PMA Poly(acrylic acid n-butyl ester) Poly(methacrylic acid methyl ester), PMMA... 

In ASA terpolymer acrylic acid brings more flexibility and the material has very good mechanical properties and weather resistance. For these reasons ASA is extensively used in automotive industry and in the fabrication of various appliances. Even more frequently than acrylic acid itself, various acrylates are used in copolymers. Among these can be mentioned the copolymers of acrylic acid esters with methacrylic acid esters such as poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate), poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylates), and poly(alkyl acrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylates) where alkyl can be methyl, ethyl, butyl, etc. Some literature information regarding thermal decomposition of copolymers including acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters is given in Table 6.7.8 [6],... 

Most emulsion polymerization is based on free-radical reactions, involving monomers (e.g., styrene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, etc.), surfactant (sodium dodecyl diphenyloxide disulfonate), initiator (potassium persulfate), water (18.2MQ/cm), and other chemicals and reagents such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, toluene, eluent solution, sodium chloride, and sodium hydroxide. 

Acrylic compound Acrylic acid Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate ... 

The reaction of nitrone 101 with such olefins 5 as propylene, n-hexene, allyl alcohol, styrene, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and butadiene are all regiospecific to give S-substituted isoxazolidines of type l.77 The reaction with olefins 6 seems to be regio- and stereo-specific thus, nitrone 101 and methyl methacrylate give cycloadduct lilt as the sole product.77 Similarly, 101 and 1 -methyl-1-phenylethylene gives adduct Hit.77 In the reactions with olefins 7 or 8, the stereospecificity is more evident.77,78 The isoxazolidine obtained is always one of the two possible epimers. The reaction of nitrone 101 with trisubstituted olefins is highly stereoselective.64 Some results are summarized in Table III. 

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