Chlorination olefin

Antimony trichloride is used as a catalyst or as a component of catalysts to effect polymerisation of hydrocarbons and to chlorinate olefins. It is also used in hydrocracking of coal (qv) and heavy hydrocarbons (qv), as an analytic reagent for chloral, aromatic hydrocarbons, and vitamin A, and in the microscopic identification of dmgs. Liquid SbCl is used as a nonaqueous solvent. 

Chlorine-enhancement may offer a partial solution. The addition of the chlorinated olefin TCE, PCE, or TCP to air/contaminant mixtures has recently been demonstrated to increase quantum yields substantially [1, 2, 6]. We recently have extended this achievement [3], to demonstrate TCE-driven high quantmn efficiency conversions at a reference feed concentration of 50 mg contaminant/m air not only for toluene but also for other aromatics such as ethylbenzene and m-xylene, as well as the volatile oxygenates 2-butanone, acetaldehyde, butsraldehyde, 1-butanol, methyl acrylate, methyl-ter-butyl-ether (MTBE), 1,4 dioxane, and an alkane, hexane. Not 1 prospective contaminants respond positively to TCE addition a conventional, mutual competitive inhibition was observed for acetone, methanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, and 1,1,1 trichloroethane, and the benzene rate was altogether unaffected. 

Van Dyke RA. 1977. Dechlorination mechanisms of chlorinated olefins. Environ Health Perspect 21 121-124. 

Polymers from the Thermal (2jc+2jc) Cyclodimerization of Chlorinated Olefins... 

These materials are based on a partially crosslinked, chlorinated olefin interpolymer alloy. MPRs are marketed in several series according to cost, performance and processability. Hardnesses are in the Shore A scale. 

Chlorinated olefins, particularly trichloroethylene (TCE), appear uniquely suited to destruction by photocatalytic oxidation. The photocatalytic oxidation of TCE... 

Although TCE cofeeds are unable to increase the photocatalytic oxidation of benzene, the effects on the oxidation of branched aromatics are significant. However, practical considerations will hinder the use of TCE cofeeds. First, TCE and branched aromatic contaminants are not often present in the same airstream. Adding TCE or similar chlorinated olefins to an environment or airstream containing branched aromatic contaminants is not practical, because TCE is, itself, classi-... 

The coexistence of various pollutants does not have to be deleterious, but, in certain cases, can be quite beneficial. The first evidence for this claim came probably from the work of Lichtin et al. (1994) who found that the edition of 0.03% by volume to an air-stream containing 0.1% iso-octane caused an enhancement in the photocatalytic oxidation of the latter. Likewise, a significant rate enhancement was recorded in the photocatalytic degradation of chloroform and dichloromethane in the presence of TCE. Similar effects were recorded also with other chlorinated olefins, such as perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloropropene (TCP), which enhanced the photooxidation of toluene in a manner similar to that of TCE (Sauer et al., 1995). 

More highly chlorinated olefins are much less reactive toward B2CI4 than is vinyl chloride, although addition products could be obtained after prolonged heating of the reaction mixtures at 100°C. 

The fact that a considerable part of the organic substances in tbe atmosphere exists adsorbed onto particles, supports the use of carrier materials in the UV-irradiation experiments. The investigations show that "organic compounds (chlorinated olefins and freons) picked as model substances are very rapidly degraded to CO2 and HCl if they are irradiated with wavelenths above 290 nm adsorbed on surfaces [7,8 ]. 

Synonyms Tetrachloroethene 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-ethylene Perchloroethene Perchloroethylene Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Ceass Chlorinated olefinic hydrocarbon Chemicae Formula C2HCI3... 

Synonyms Trichloroethene 1,1,2-Trichloroe-thene TCE TRI Trichlor Acetylene trichloride Ethylene, trichloro Ethylene trichloride Triclene Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Chlorinated olefinic hydrocarbon Chemical Eormula C2HCI3... 

After addition of HF to the chlorinated olefinic reagent, the reaction can proceed through successive Cl/F halogen exchanges or by formation of olefinic intermediate by elimination of HCI and successive hydrofluorination studies carried out with use of DF have allowed to discover that the first pathway is prevalent [6]. The outline of reaction (1) is very simplified a series of isomerization and disproportionation reactions are known [7] but these can be limited using appropriate operating conditions and adapted catalysts. 

Separate equations for eight groups of monomers such as styrenes, chlorinated olefins, acrylates and methacrylates were developed and the correlation coefficients for most of the equations were greater than 0.99. The method has been extended to the calculation of the monomer reactivity ratios from the 13C NMR spectra of the monomers for which no Q and e values are known.362... 

Rhodium Catalysts. The catalytical behavior of Rh complexes in oligomerizations has been extensively studied " . A wide variety of olefins such as a-olefins, chlorinated olefins, styrene, and acrylates (but not acrylonitrile) are dimerized by RhClj-SHjO. The reactions are carried out at T from 20 to 200°C and are generally not very dependent on the solvent, although small amounts of alcohols lead to increased activity. A detailed insertion mechanism based on an anionic Rh(III)-H-intermediate has been suggested but a carbene mechanism and a metallacycle pathway have also been discussed. 

Doverchlor. [Dover] Chlorinated olefins lubricant additives. 

Olefins add hydrogen fluoride very readily, but polymerization of the olefins also occurs as a side reaction. Traces of acid and water, or temperatures of about 70°, lead to loss of HF from the alkyl fluorides produced. Preparative importance attaches to addition of HF to chlorinated olefins, whose tendency to polymerize in presence of HF is less the more Cl atoms are attached to the doubly bonded carbon atoms. HF adds readily to olefins with unsymmetrical halogen substitution, such as CH2=CHX, RCH=CX2, or RCX=CH2, but with greater difficulty when halogen is attached to both the doubly bonded carbon atoms. BF3, which assists removal of H+ from HF by complex formation, accelerates the reaction but also the exchange of halogen for fluorine and the resin formation by polymerization that occur as parallel reactions.169... 

Oxidation of Alcohols. The oxidation of primary, benzylic, and allylic alcohols to aldehydes can be selectively achieved when the alcohol is treated with NCS catalyzed by TEMPO. Reaction conditions are mild and do not chlorinate olefins or allylic... 

Synonyms Alkenes, C12-C24, chloro Chlorinated olefins (C12-C24) Liquid chlorinated alpha-olefin... 

Chlorinated lime. See Calcium hypochlorite Chlorinated olefins (C12-C24). See Chlorinated alpha-olefin, liquid... 

Alcryn Chlorinated olefin/EVAl/acrylate ester blends PVC/ethylene-carbon monoxide-vinyl chloride copolymer TP elastomers E. I. du Pont de Nemours... 

The addition of the chlorinated olefin requires greater care in injection molding to ensure that the chlorine does not dehydrohalogenate. Mold temperatures are recommended to be kept at between 190 and 210°C and not to exceed 220 C, and the residence times should be kept relatively short in the molding machine. 

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