Processing Waste

AH other organic waste-process and vent streams are burned in a dare, in an incinerator, or in a furnace where fuel value is recovered. Wastewater streams are handled in the plant biological treatment area. 

P. J. Canney and P. T. Schaefer, in M. D. LaGrega and L. K. Hendrian, eds.. Proceedings of the 15th Toxic Hazardous Waste Processing Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference, Butterworth, U.K., 1983, pp. 277—284. 

The first equation is an example of hydrolysis and is commonly referred to as chemical precipitation. The separation is effective because of the differences in solubiUty products of the copper(II) and iron(III) hydroxides. The second equation is known as reductive precipitation and is an example of an electrochemical reaction. The use of more electropositive metals to effect reductive precipitation is known as cementation. Precipitation is used to separate impurities from a metal in solution such as iron from copper (eq. 1), or it can be used to remove the primary metal, copper, from solution (eq. 2). Precipitation is commonly practiced for the separation of small quantities of metals from large volumes of water, such as from industrial waste processes. 

Generally, recyclables are either coUected at curbside or deposited by consumers at various types of drop-off locations, such as local recycling centers, community service clubs, dealers, and commercial buyback centers. Curbside coUections of recyclables can be accompUshed either in conjunction with the pickup of aU MSW or as a separate activity. Co-coUection systems range from complete commingling of aU waste for later separation at a mixed waste processing facility to transporting essentially source-separated recyclables in the same tmck as MSW. 

Zirconium phosphate [13772-29-7] also absorbs cesium and other radioactive-decay daughter products, and has been proposed as part of permanent disposal systems for nuclear fuel waste processing. 

Use of specific forms of radiant energy, infrared, ultraviolet, dielectric heating, etc., can allow specific separations to be made. The separation of clear and colored grains of glass and the separation of different metals are possible apphcations of the thermoadhesive method being considered in the field of solid-waste processing. 

FIG. 20-60 Hammer wear as a consequence of shredding municipal solid waste. Sa-oage and Diaz, Proceedings ASME National Waste Processing Conference, Denver, CO, 361-373, 1986.)... 

Disposal The final func tional element in the sohd-waste-management system is disposal. Disposal is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are wastes collected and transported direc tly to a landfQl site, semisolid wastes (sludge) from industrial treatment plants and air-pollution-control devices, incinerator residue, compost, or other substances from various solid-waste processing plants that are of no further use. 

Processing Techniques for Solid Wastes Processing techniques are used in solid-waste-management systems to (I) improve the efficiency of the systems, (2) to recover resources (usable materials), and (3) to prepare materials for recoveiy of conversion produc ts and energy. The more important techniques used for processing solid wastes are summarized in Tables 25-61 and 25-62. 

Variation in waste by batch. Feed variability to downstream waste processing equipment. Possibility of reaction in waste streams, flammable/ toxic hazard. 

Other problems concerning transportation systems, waste processing and recycling systems, nahonal priorities, international economics, employment versus environmental quality, and personal freedoms will continue to surface. The choices will have to be made, ideally by educated citizens and charismatic leaders. 

Fullwood, R. R. and R.C. Erdmann, 1983, Risks Associated with Nuclear Material Waste Processing, Progress in Nuclear Energy, Pergammon Press Ltd. 

A measured volume, 10.00 liters, of the waste process water from a cotton mill require 23.62 ml of 0.1000 M hydrochloric acid to produce a neutral solution. What is the hydroxide ion concentration in the waste ... 

Boilers may be direct fired or indirect fired. Energy supply designs account for various combustion methods using fossil fuels, municipal waste, process residues, waste heat, and by-products. Special boiler combustion systems to reduce pollution or improve efficiency include fluidized-bed and combined cycle. 

Both preformed and in situ ferrite lowered plutonium concentrations in simulated process waste from 10-4 g/1 to 10-8 g/1 in one treatment step. Two or three flocculant precipitations, as currently used for waste processing, were required to achieve the same result. Ferrite waste treatment produced 4.1 g/1 solids, while production waste processing during the past year, using the flocculant process, produced 7.9 g/1 solids. 

As a result of following the pyrochemical recycle route rather than the aqueous waste processing route, the plutonium values in the residues can be returned very expeditiously to the main process sequence. The form of the plutonium is metal, which is most desirable from a production standpoint. 

Table 2 Inputs and outputs for 40% PVC/25% inorganic fillers waste processing in the Akzo Nobel steam gasification process per tonne of PVC ...

Comminution is mechanically a very wasteful process. It has been seen that most of the energy is lost, and this is so because of the difficulty in transmitting the applied forces to the particles in the mill contents that most need to be broken down. The culprit in this... 

Generators must send a notification with the initial shipment of every waste. If the waste, process, or receiving facility changes, another notification is required. The information that the notification must include varies according to the status of the waste. For example, the notification requirements will differ slightly if the waste meets its treatment standard or is subject to a national capacity variance. 

Kiang, Y. and Metry, A.R., Hazardous Waste Processing Technology, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, 1982. 

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