Biological waste water treatment processes

LINPOR [Linde porous medium] A biological waste water treatment process, using an open-pore plastic foam for retaining the biomass. Its use enables the capacity of an activated sludge plant to be increased without adding extra tanks. Invented at the Technische Universitat, Munich, and further developed by Linde, Munich. See also CAPTOR. 

Beck, M.B., 1986. Identification, estimation and control of biological waste-water treatment processes. lEE Proceeding 133, p.254-264... 

Schroder, H. Fr., Alkyl polyglycosides in the biological waste water treatment process— Degradation behavior by LC/MS and FIA/MS, World Surfactants Congr, 4th, 1996,3,121-135. 

APEOs and their acidic and neutral metabolites can be halogenated to produce chlorinated and brominated products. The formation of these compounds has been reported during the chlorination processes at drinking water treatment plants [1,35,36] and after biological waste-water treatment [37]. 

Gas/liquid contacting is frequently encountered in chemical reaction and bioprocess engineering. For reactions in gas/liquid systems (oxidation, hydrogenation, chlorination, and so on) and aerobic fermentation processes (including biological waste water treatment), the gaseous reaction partner must first be dissolved in the liquid. In order to increase its absorption rate, the gas must be dispersed into fine bubbles in the liquid. A fast rotating stirrer (e.g. a turbine stirrer), to which the gas is supplied from below, is normally used for this purpose (see the sketch in Fig. 34). 

This chapter has presented a theoretical derivation of continuous particle size distributions for a coagulating and settling hydrosol. The assumptions required in the analysis are not overly severe and appear to hold true in oceanic waters with low biological productivity and in digested sewage sludge. Further support of this approach is the prediction of increased particle concentration at oceanic thermoclines, as has been observed. This analysis has possible applications to particle dynamics in more complex systems namely, estuaries and water and waste-water treatment processes. Experimental verification of the predicted size distribution is required, and the dimensionless coeflBcients must be evaluated before the theory can be applied quantitatively. 

The stripped water can be sent to a biological waste-water treatment plant for further processing. The gases require further treatment, such as ammonia recovery, sulfur removal recovery, or incineration/combustion. 

Table 1.2. Process engineering comparison between simple fermentation and complex fermentation bioprocess (e.g., biological waste water treatment).

Type 1. Type-1 situations include processes in which product accumulation is directly associated with growth this is the case for primary metabolites, in which the formation of the product is linked to the energy metabolism. Examples include fermentation to produce alcohol and gluconic acid (Koga et al., 1967), and situations in biological waste water treatment. 

In real situations, there are complex cases such as in biological waste water treatment and fermentation technology (complex media with multiple carbon sources, e.g., molasses, worts, metabolic intermediates, vitamins, etc.) that cannot be treated with the simple model equations fi = fi s) given in Sect. 5.3. In the course of a growth process in a complex medium, the valuable, easily utilized components are exhausted after a short time. For use of the remaining... 

However, even at low Xg values, the CPFR continues to have a clear volume advantage (as may be seen in Fig. 6.30) when the attainment of either a high conversion or a low S concentration in the effluent (Sgx 20 mg/1) is an important consideration (e.g., biological waste water treatment, (A. Moser, 1977 Wolfbauer, Klettner, and Moser, 1978). This consideration of low Sgx is not of such great significance in fermentation processes (except perhaps with expensive substrates), so the advantage of a CPFR is not nearly so pronounced (Finn and Fiechter, 1979). 

In a process simulation, they play a decisive role for the mass balance in a decanter, operating at = 50 °C, and in a waste water stripper, operating at 2 = 2.3 bar, corresponding to a temperature 1 2 = 125 C. The task of the stripper is to take the organic components overhead to simplify the biological waste water treatment. Check whether the parameters can be used in the process simulation. If not, replace them by appropriate ones. 

In both cases, the pollutants are suitable for a biological waste water treatment, but this process has to be fully integrated with both bionitrification and biodenitrification. 

Another part of the integration is that the biological waste water treatment plant treats all the waste waters from the site as well as the municipal waste water. The off-gas treatment for the production of viscose is combined with a sulphuric acid production unit. Gases containing sulphur can also be used as combustion air in various combustion plants with flue-gas desulphurisation. Additionally, the supply networks for steam and process water are highly sophisticated. 

Silicones are ecologically inert, having no effect on aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. Thus they do not inhibit the biological processes taking place during waste water treatment. 

The most widespread biological application of three-phase fluidization at a commercial scale is in wastewater treatment. Several large scale applications exist for fermentation processes, as well, and, recently, applications in cell culture have been developed. Each of these areas have particular features that make three-phase fluidization particularly well-suited for them Wastewater Treatment. As can be seen in Tables 14a to 14d, numerous examples of the application of three-phase fluidization to waste-water treatment exist. Laboratory studies in the 1970 s were followed by large scale commercial units in the early 1980 s, with aerobic applications preceding anaerobic systems (Heijnen et al., 1989). The technique is well accepted as a viable tool for wastewater treatment for municipal sewage, food process waste streams, and other industrial effluents. Though pure cultures known to degrade a particular waste component are occasionally used (Sreekrishnan et al., 1991 Austermann-Haun et al., 1994 Lazarova et al., 1994), most applications use a mixed culture enriched from a similar waste stream or treatment facility or no inoculation at all (Sanz and Fdez-Polanco, 1990). 

An overall treatment concept using the above unit operations is shown in Figure 9. This flow sketch presents some of the process considerations which may be required in industrial waste-water treatment design. The biological reactor is the key to... 

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