Food waste processing treatment

Wastes from waste treatment facilities, off-site waste water treatment plants and the water industry Municipal wastes and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes including separately collected fractions Waste from agricultural, horticultural, hunting, fishing and aquaculture primary production, food preparation and processing... 

The most widespread biological application of three-phase fluidization at a commercial scale is in wastewater treatment. Several large scale applications exist for fermentation processes, as well, and, recently, applications in cell culture have been developed. Each of these areas have particular features that make three-phase fluidization particularly well-suited for them Wastewater Treatment. As can be seen in Tables 14a to 14d, numerous examples of the application of three-phase fluidization to waste-water treatment exist. Laboratory studies in the 1970 s were followed by large scale commercial units in the early 1980 s, with aerobic applications preceding anaerobic systems (Heijnen et al., 1989). The technique is well accepted as a viable tool for wastewater treatment for municipal sewage, food process waste streams, and other industrial effluents. Though pure cultures known to degrade a particular waste component are occasionally used (Sreekrishnan et al., 1991 Austermann-Haun et al., 1994 Lazarova et al., 1994), most applications use a mixed culture enriched from a similar waste stream or treatment facility or no inoculation at all (Sanz and Fdez-Polanco, 1990). 

In the field of bioremediation, oxidoreductases are considered to be excellent biocatalysts for environmentally friendly processes. Laccases and peroxidases are widely used to treat effluents from pulp/cotton mills, food/fruit processing plants and breweries [1, 2, 37]. Laccases, peroxidases and other oxygenases are also being studied for their abihty to degrade hazardous coal substances, especially the sulfur-containing components, and in the treatment of industrial waste and contaminated soil and water in the transformation of xenobiotics, polycycHc aromatic hydrocarbons and other pollutants (biodetoxification and biodecontamination)... 

Many industrial processes rely on effective agitation and mixing of fluids. The application of agitators cover the areas of mining, hydrometallurgy, biol-ogy, petroleum, food, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical and chemical process industry. In particular, in these industries we find typical chemical reaction engineering processes like fermentation, waste water treatment, hydrogenation, polymerization, crystallization, flue gas desulfurization, etc [65, 21]. 

Membrane-based separation processes are recognized as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional separation techniques such as distillation or extraction. The field of large-scale applications covers the range of drinking water processing, potable water production, waste-water treatment, application in the food and pharmaceutical industries, recovery of aroma and active substances as well as sterile filtration of pharmaceuticals and clarification of beverages. 

MAJOR USES Component in food processing used in environmental applications for pH control, neutralization of waste streams, treatment and general cleaning used in industries of electroplating, leather tanning, steel pickling and photography antiseptic toilet bowl cleaner. 

The technically and economically most important electrodialytical process used for the separation of ionic components from an aqueous solution is conventional electrodialysis. The main application of electrodialysis is the desalination of brackish water. However, other uses, especially in the food, drug, and chemical process industry as well as in biotechnology and waste water treatment, have recently gained a broader interest. In its basic form electrodialysis can be utilized to perform several general types of separations, such as the separation and concentration of salts, acids, and bases from aqueous solutions, or the separation of monovalent ions from multiple charged components, or the separation of ionic compounds from uncharged molecules. 

RO membrane separation has been traditionally used for seawater and brackish water desalination, and production of high-purity water for food, pharmaceutical processing and industrial waste treatment, as discussed in Chapter 1. The development of nanofiltration (NF) membranes has opened up many areas of apphcation including water softening, removal of disinfection by-product precurson (trihalomethanes), removal of total organic carbon (TOC), food processing and industrial water treatment [5]. 

SoUd-howl decanters find widespread use in process industry, particularly in food processing and waste water treatment dMes. In the latter, the solid-bowl centrifuge con etes with vacuum fibers, variable diamber presses and belt presses, in situdge dewatering operations. 

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